An initial access method of an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node in a wireless communication system and an apparatus using the method are provided. The method includes: receiving, from a parent node, a synchronization signal block (SSB) and system information; and performing a random access procedure with the parent node on the basis of the SSB and the system information, wherein the SSB and the system information are received through a resource allocated to an access link of the parent node, and the random access step is performed through a resource allocated to the backhaul link of the parent node, and the random access step is performed using resources determined differently depending on whether the TAB node is a relay node or a terminal.

An initial access method of an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node in a wireless communication system and an apparatus using the method are provided. The method includes: receiving, from a parent node, a synchronization signal block (SSB) and system information; and performing a random access procedure with the parent node on the basis of the SSB and the system information, wherein the SSB and the system information are received through a resource allocated to an access link of the parent node, and the random access step is performed through a resource allocated to the backhaul link of the parent node, and the random access step is performed using resources determined differently depending on whether the TAB node is a relay node or a terminal.

A method for deploying and sharing aerial cells in a massive machine type communication (mMTC) network includes forecasting data traffic across a plurality of mMTC network operators for each of a plurality of geographical areas. The method includes generating a forecasted plan based on the forecasted data traffic, and a hovering time of each of a plurality of aerial cells. The method includes deploying and sharing at least one aerial cell from the plurality of aerial cells between the plurality of mMTC network operators to provide coverage to at least one mMTC node in at least one geographical area of the plurality of geographical areas, based on the forecasted plan.

A method for deploying and sharing aerial cells in a massive machine type communication (mMTC) network includes forecasting data traffic across a plurality of mMTC network operators for each of a plurality of geographical areas. The method includes generating a forecasted plan based on the forecasted data traffic, and a hovering time of each of a plurality of aerial cells. The method includes deploying and sharing at least one aerial cell from the plurality of aerial cells between the plurality of mMTC network operators to provide coverage to at least one mMTC node in at least one geographical area of the plurality of geographical areas, based on the forecasted plan.

Methods and systems for shaping an electromagnetic wavefront are disclosed. A disclosed method includes tuning a tunable surface in an electromagnetic cavity and receiving the electromagnetic wavefront in the electromagnetic cavity. The electromagnetic wavefront includes a first wave defined by a first wavelength and a second wave defined by a second wavelength. The first wave and the second wave have a shared phase and a shared beam direction in the electromagnetic wavefront. The method further includes reflecting the electromagnetic wavefront within the cavity to repeatedly interact with the tunable surface, and transmitting, after reflecting the electromagnetic wavefront within the cavity, the electromagnetic wavefront from the electromagnetic cavity as a shaped electromagnetic wavefront. The first wave and the second wave have at least one of a difference in phase or a difference in beam direction in the shaped electromagnetic wavefront.

Methods and systems for shaping an electromagnetic wavefront are disclosed. A disclosed method includes tuning a tunable surface in an electromagnetic cavity and receiving the electromagnetic wavefront in the electromagnetic cavity. The electromagnetic wavefront includes a first wave defined by a first wavelength and a second wave defined by a second wavelength. The first wave and the second wave have a shared phase and a shared beam direction in the electromagnetic wavefront. The method further includes reflecting the electromagnetic wavefront within the cavity to repeatedly interact with the tunable surface, and transmitting, after reflecting the electromagnetic wavefront within the cavity, the electromagnetic wavefront from the electromagnetic cavity as a shaped electromagnetic wavefront. The first wave and the second wave have at least one of a difference in phase or a difference in beam direction in the shaped electromagnetic wavefront.

The present disclosure provides a Light Emitting Diode (LED) illuminating apparatus. The illuminating apparatus includes a first antenna, a second antenna, a signal amplifying unit, an LED lighting unit, and an LED driving power supply. The LED driving power supply is connected with the signal amplifying unit and the LED lighting unit to drive the LED lighting unit to emit light and to provide power to the signal amplifying unit. The first antenna and the second antenna are connected to the signal amplifying unit. The first antenna receives a base station signal, and transmits the base station signal to the signal amplifying unit. The signal amplifying unit amplifies the base station signal, and transmits the amplified base station signal to the second antenna. The second antenna transmits the amplified base station signal to a terminal. The second antenna further receives a terminal signal, and transmits the terminal signal to the signal amplifying unit. The signal amplifying unit further amplifies the terminal signal, and transmits the amplified terminal signal to the first antenna. The first antenna further transmits the amplified terminal signal to a base station.

The present disclosure provides a Light Emitting Diode (LED) illuminating apparatus. The illuminating apparatus includes a first antenna, a second antenna, a signal amplifying unit, an LED lighting unit, and an LED driving power supply. The LED driving power supply is connected with the signal amplifying unit and the LED lighting unit to drive the LED lighting unit to emit light and to provide power to the signal amplifying unit. The first antenna and the second antenna are connected to the signal amplifying unit. The first antenna receives a base station signal, and transmits the base station signal to the signal amplifying unit. The signal amplifying unit amplifies the base station signal, and transmits the amplified base station signal to the second antenna. The second antenna transmits the amplified base station signal to a terminal. The second antenna further receives a terminal signal, and transmits the terminal signal to the signal amplifying unit. The signal amplifying unit further amplifies the terminal signal, and transmits the amplified terminal signal to the first antenna. The first antenna further transmits the amplified terminal signal to a base station.

A base station is disclosed, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; a base station access radio coupled to the processor; a user equipment module, coupled to the processor, for providing a backhaul link for the base station; and a sniffing circuit coupled to the processor. The sniffing circuit further comprises: a radio receiver coupled to an amplifier and a filter, the amplifier and the filter both capable of being used across a plurality of frequencies; and a baseband processor coupled to the radio receiver, configured to convert a received signal from the radio receiver to a baseband frequency, to determine whether the received signal is one of a 2G, 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi, or 5G signal, to measure a signal strength of the received signal, and to identify a synchronization signal within the received signal.

A base station is disclosed, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; a base station access radio coupled to the processor; a user equipment module, coupled to the processor, for providing a backhaul link for the base station; and a sniffing circuit coupled to the processor. The sniffing circuit further comprises: a radio receiver coupled to an amplifier and a filter, the amplifier and the filter both capable of being used across a plurality of frequencies; and a baseband processor coupled to the radio receiver, configured to convert a received signal from the radio receiver to a baseband frequency, to determine whether the received signal is one of a 2G, 3G, 4G, Wi-Fi, or 5G signal, to measure a signal strength of the received signal, and to identify a synchronization signal within the received signal.