Embodiments of the present disclosure describe apparatuses and methods for mobility management entity (MME) overload or underload mitigation using an MME virtual network function (VNF). Various embodiments may include one or more processors to execute instructions to process a notification from a virtual network function manager (VNFM) to determine instantiation of a MME as a VNF, add the MME to an MME pool, and assign a value to an application parameter of the MME VNF. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

An encoder encodes moving image data and generates encoded moving image data. A transmission buffer accumulates the encoded moving image data. A transmission/reception unit transmits the encoded moving image data to an image reception device via a wireless communication line. A failure detector predicts whether or not the failure of a real-time transmission of the encoded moving image data occurs, and detects the time until the failure occurs. When the failure is predicted to occur, an encoding controller controls the encoder to decrease, within the detected time, the target bit rate when the encoder encodes the moving image data.

A method for multi-layered distributed GTP-processing for communication between user devices (2, 3) via a communication network (1), the network comprises clusters (4) each cluster (4) including gateways (7) and a loadbalancer (8), and a runtime database (5) storing load information of the gateways and a subscriber data-base (6) storing information on user preferences. The method comprises the loadbalancer (8), after receipt of a connection request, to choose the least loaded gateway (7), identifying if the cluster (4) is the preferred cluster of the user, and establishing, if the cluster is the preferred cluster, a connection between the user devices (2, 3) via the gateway (7) and in accordance with the user preferences or else, transmitting the connection request to the loadbalancer (8) of the preferred cluster (4), the loadbalancer identifying the least loaded gateway (7) in that cluster and establishing via the gateway (7) a connection between user devices by sending a response message in accordance with the user preferences to the first gateway in the first cluster.

In one embodiment, a method includes discovering at a network device, a change in a resource at a local network site, notifying a load balancer at the local network site of the change in the resource, dynamically updating a weight associated with the resource, and transmitting the weight from the network device to a mapping system configured for mapping endpoint identifiers to routing locators. An apparatus and logic are also disclosed herein.

Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a registration area determining method, to reduce overheads for sending paging signaling to user equipment. The method in the embodiments of the present disclosure includes: determining, by a mobility management entity, that both duration in which user equipment does not access a basic registration area in a registration area of the user equipment and duration in which the user equipment does not initiate a periodic basic registration area update procedure are greater than or equal to preset duration; generating, by the mobility management entity, a new registration area for the user equipment, where the new registration area does not include the basic registration area; and sending, by the mobility management entity, the new registration area to the user equipment. The embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a mobility management entity, to reduce the overheads for sending paging signaling to the user equipment.

A wireless communication device includes an information wireless communication unit configured to transmit control information by a first wireless communication method; a sound signal transmission unit configured to transmit a sound signal by a second wireless communication method; and a selection controller configured to select any one or both of a first transmission processing of transmitting the control information from the information wireless communication unit by the first wireless communication method and a second transmission processing of embedding the control information in the sound signal and transmitting the control information from the sound signal transmission unit by the second wireless communication method.

This disclosure describes methods, apparatuses, and systems related to signaling for concurrent operation and/or cancellation capabilities for termination of concurrent operations on networks (e.g., NAN, WLAN networks). In some implementations, systems and methods are provided for handling of time blocks that partially overlaps with the concurrent operations.

Facilitating device contexts, operational modes, and policy driven enhancements for paging in advanced networks (e.g., 4G, 5G, 6G, and beyond) is provided herein. Operations of a network device can comprise analyzing a group of contextual data for a user equipment device, and mobility management behaviors historically implemented for the user equipment device and based on an indication that a page request is scheduled to be sent to the user equipment device. The operations can also comprise configuring a paging message for the user equipment device based on the contextual data and the mobility management behaviors. Further, the operations can comprise sending the paging message to the user equipment device.

A terminal device includes: a pedestrian-to-vehicle communication device configured to communicate with an in-vehicle terminal by using a first communication method, in which direct communication is performed as pedestrian-to-vehicle communication; a wireless LAN communication device configured to communicate with the in-vehicle terminal by using a second communication method, in which indirect communication is performed via a roadside device disposed on or near a road; and a controller configured to determine whether or not the terminal device is in a risky state based on state information indicating a state of the terminal device, and select either one of the first communication method, in which direct communication is used and the second communication method, in which indirect communication is used, based on a result of the determination.

The present invention provides a method and a system for arranging base stations in a millimeter wave communication network. The method establishes a stochastic optimization framework for millimeter-wave base station deployment in the urban street geometry and provides a low-complexity user association arrangement which can well balance the workloads among BSs and reduce the outage probability by taking the time-varying nature of user equipments' positions and the susceptibility of millimeter-wave links to blockage effect into account. Compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, the present invention can effectively and efficiently reduce the outage probability in the long term.