A base station for communication with a plurality of mobile terminals in a mobile communications network is disclosed. The base station includes a plurality of transmitters, in which each transmitter is configured to provide a transmit radio signal to a distinct space when compared to the other transmitters. A first transmitter is configured to provide to a first space, a transmit radio signal carrying a multicast service. A second transmitter is configured to provide to a second space, distinct from the first space, a transmit radio signal carrying a unicast service, and the second space shares a first boundary with the first space.

An operation method of first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, according to one embodiment, comprises: a step in which the first UE establishes a PC5 unicast link with a second UE; and a step in which the first UE transmits user traffic to the second UE, wherein the method comprises determining, on the basis of addition or elimination of a first PC5 QoS flow, whether to include a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) header in the PC5 unicast link with respect to second PC5 QoS flow(s) used in the transmission of the user traffic.

A control plane (CP) function for session management performs a procedure for establishing local traffic offloading for a user equipment (UE) in a mobile network having an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and Fifth Generation (5G) converged core that supports communications via a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) radio access network (RAN) and a Fifth Generation (5G) RAN. Initially, a connection is established for the UE via the LTE RAN, where the connection includes a first bearer between the LTE RAN and a central serving gateway-user plane (SGW-U) at a central location, and a second bearer between the central SGW-U and a central packet gateway-user plane (PGW-U) at the central location. The CP function inserts a local SGW-U at an edge location and subsequently inserts a local intermediate user plane function (I-UPF) with an uplink classifier (UL-CL) at the edge location for enabling edge offload of traffic from the LTE RAN.

A host device establishes a wireless communication link with a client device, and implements a wired communication standard on the link to transfer a first data stream. To increase data throughput while complying with the standard, the host device replaces synchronizing information in a packet to be sent during a first synchronizing frame with configuration information indicating that packet exchange data of a second data stream is to be sent or received during a second synchronizing frame. The host device sends or receives the packet exchange data of the second data stream to or from the client device during the second synchronizing frame via the wireless communication link. The host device may send or receive the packet exchange data of the second data stream during delays or idle periods between sending and/or receiving packets of the first data stream via the wireless communication link according to the wired communication standard.

A node in a wireless mesh network determines that a threshold level of duplicate network protocol data units (PDUs) are received. Further, the node receives one or more network PDUs comprising respective segments of transport data in a transport PDU. The node relays a subset of the received one or more network PDUs comprising respective segments to one or more neighboring nodes. The subset is relayed based on determination that the node has received a threshold level of duplicate network PDUs.

Various embodiments of systems and methods for robust max consensus for wireless sensor networks in the presence of additive noise by determining and removing a growth rate estimate from state values of each node in a wireless sensor network are disclosed.

Disclosed embodiments provide edge computing mechanisms for network congestion identification and control, and for providing predicted QoS notifications. The network congestion control embodiments enable context-aware, location-aware, radio network information-aware congestion event identification and control at the transmitter/sender device, which provides a new category of congestion control algorithms exploiting the aforementioned information via edge computing services, where an edge computing framework acts as broker. The predicted QoS notifications include predictions of radio signal quality and conditions as well as predicted edge or cloud computation resources. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

In an embodiment a communication method includes receiving, by a terminal device, configuration information sent by a network device, wherein the configuration information comprises reliability information and channel busy ratio (CBR) information, wherein the reliability information comprises information indicating a reliability scope or level, and wherein the CBR information comprises information indicating a CBR scope or level, and determining, by the terminal device, a packet data convergence protocol duplication (PDCP) duplication processing operation based on service-related information and the configuration information, wherein the service-related information comprises information related to a service corresponding to a PDCP entity, and wherein the processing operation comprises an activation operation or a deactivation operation.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a first network node may receive, from a user equipment (UE), an indication to perform network coding for a communication. The first network node may selectively transmit, based at least in part on determining whether the network coding is to be performed by the first network node or a second network node, the communication using network coding. Numerous other aspects are described.

A WI-FI hotspot recommendation method includes scanning a WI-FI hotspot, determining an Internet-accessible hotspot in WI-FI hotspots that are obtained by means of scanning, determining network quality obtained when the terminal accesses a network by using the Internet-accessible hotspot, and displaying an identifier of the Internet-accessible hotspot and an identifier that indicates the network quality obtained when the terminal accesses the network by using the Internet-accessible hotspot.