A disclosure of this specification provides a method for performance measurement of SDF (service data flow), performed by SMF (Session Management Function), the device comprising: receiving a QoS (Quality of Service) rule from a SMF (Session Management Function); performing measurement of performance of a target QoS flow for the SDF, with a UPF (User Plane Function), wherein based on a reflective QoS being not used for the SDF, the QoS rule includes downlink QoS information on the target QoS flow, wherein the target QoS flow is a QoS flow used by the UE to receive a downlink packet for the SDF.

Systems and methods are provided for receiving data indicating a spatial distribution and 802.11ax capabilities of access point radios and of client devices in a network, assigning the access point radios as either first access point radios or second access point radios, the first access point radios conducting data transmission using an 802.11ax wireless standard and the second access point radios conducting data transmission using legacy wireless standards, based on the data, determining whether any of the client devices are to be steered to a different access point radio based on the 802.11ax capabilities of the client devices, and in response to determining that a client device is to be steered to a different access point radio, steering the client device to a first access point radio or a second access point radio.

A client device in a wireless network accesses a queue comprising Transmission Control Protocol Acknowledgement (TCP ACK) packets. At least some packets include packet descriptors with a flow identifier indicating a corresponding TCP flow, and a TCP ACK Generation Count. The device inspects a packet descriptor of a first TCP ACK packet, and identifies a first flow identifier and a first TCP ACK Generation Count. The device accesses entries in a data structure that each includes a first field and a second field respectively storing a flow identifier and a TCP ACK Generation Count. The device determines that a condition is satisfied, comprising that an entry in the data structure includes a flow identifier and a TCP ACK Generation Count matching the first flow identifier and the first TCP ACK Generation Count, respectively. In response to the determination, the device marks the first TCP ACK packet to be dropped.

Various systems, methods, and devices for adjusting window size based on QoE sensitivity are described. An example method includes receiving, from a first device, a data packet that indicates a window size and that is addressed to a second device. The example method further includes identifying a QoE priority associated with the second device and adjusting the window size based on the QoE priority. Further, the example method includes transmitting the data packet to the second device.

The described technology is generally directed towards a transport protocol for latency sensitive applications. The disclosed transport protocol is “semi-reliable” in that it allows for specification of an importance of data being transmitted, thereby allowing important data to be sent reliably, while other data can be dropped if necessary, e.g., under bad network conditions. A deadline can be specified for such other data, and if the other data cannot be sent prior to the deadline, it can be dropped. Furthermore, the disclosed transport protocol can allow for early discovery of network jitter. A client device can send regular acknowledgments which identify most recently received data packets as well as a number of “heartbeat transmissions” received at the client device. A server device can use the acknowledgments to discover and respond to jitter.

A method for a handover between distributed access points is disclosed, including receiving, by a central AP, an Ethernet frame; adding, by the central AP, a sequence number to the frame according to an address of a wireless terminal; sending, by the central AP to an AP 1, the frame to which the sequence number is added, and storing the frame to which the sequence number is added in a historical frame set of the wireless terminal; and sending, by the central AP, a frame in the historical frame set of the wireless terminal to an AP 2 when the wireless terminal is handed over from the AP 1 to the AP 2. If the wireless terminal moves fast, the central AP can send the frame in the historical frame set to the wireless terminal using the AP 2, so that a downlink packet loss is reduced.

The disclosure relates to a fifth generation (5G) or sixth generation (6G) communication system. A method performed by a first integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node which is a F1-terminating IAB donor node in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving, from a second IAB node which is a non-F1-terminating IAB donor node, a first message including backhaul (BH) related information for at least one IAB node of a non-F1-terminating topology associated with the second IAB node and transmitting, to a third IAB node which is an IAB node connected with the first IAB node and the second IAB node, a second message including configuration information for the third IAB node.

A method for a wireless device of a wireless system is disclosed. The method utilizes a byte-in-flight (BIF) value as an indicator to determine whether to drop the transmission control protocol acknowledgement (TCP ACK) packet according to the BIF value, where the BIF value is an amount of data of the wireless connection which is sent by the first device but not acknowledged yet when obtaining the TCP ACK packet. The wireless device establishes a wireless connection with a first device.

A method performed by a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting, by a control plane (CP) of a centralized unit (CU) of the base station, a bearer context modification request message to a user plane (UP) of the CU of the base station, wherein the bearer context modification request message includes information associated with a request for a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) sequence number (SN) status, and transmitting, by the UP of the CU of the base station, based on the bearer context modification request message, a bearer context modification response message to the CP of the CU of the base station, wherein the bearer context modification response message includes information associated with the PDCP SN status and information associated with at least one QoS flow, of which a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) end marker is not received by the UP of the CU.

An example gateway device determines that a first policy, applicable to a subscriber device when the subscriber device is coupled to a first access network, indicates that packets from the subscriber device are to be sent to a service device, and forwards a first set of packets from the subscriber device to the service device while the subscriber device is coupled to the first access network. After determining that the subscriber device has become coupled to a second access network of the plurality of access networks, the gateway device determines that a second policy, for the subscriber device when the subscriber device is coupled to the second access network, does not indicate that packets should be sent to the service device, but nevertheless forwards a second set of packets from the subscriber device to the service device while the subscriber device is coupled to the second access network.