Apparatus and methods are provided to reduce mobility interruption time through dual-protocol stacks for mobility enhancement. In novel aspect, the UE configures a target protocol stack for a target gNB upon receiving a reconfiguration message from a source gNB, performs random access procedure and establishes RRC connection with the target gNB through the target protocol stack while simultaneously maintaining data transmission and reception with the source gNB, and releases the source RRC connection with the source gNB and performs data transmission and reception with the target gNB upon detecting one or more predefined release triggering event. In one embodiment, the target protocol stack includes a PHY layer, a MAC layer, and RLC layer, a PDCP and optionally a SDAP. In one embodiment, the UE enables a PDCP reordering, wherein the PDCP reordering is performed on PDCP packet data units received from the source and the target protocol stacks.

In a wireless communication terminal (50) that performs repetition transmission in which predetermined data is repeatedly transmitted, a wireless communication unit (51) receives continuation information which is information on continuation of the repetition transmission before and after handover, and a control unit (55) performs the repetition transmission after the handover based on the continuation information.

Various embodiments are described for apparatuses, systems, and methods for pre-forwarding data packets for conditional handover. A UE may connect to a serving base station and perform measurement(s) of one or more neighboring base stations. The UE may provide measurement report(s) corresponding to the measurement(s) to the serving base station. The UE may receive handover assistance information from the serving base station. The handover assistance information may identify at least one neighboring base station that receives downlink packet forwarding of downlink packets intended for the UE prior to handover. The UE may evaluate handover conditions of the neighboring base stations, including the at least one neighboring base station. The UE may perform handover to a first neighboring base station of the at least one neighboring base station based on the at least one neighboring base station receiving downlink packet forwarding of downlink packets intended for the UE prior to handover.

A base station transmits, to a wireless device, at least one first radio resource control message comprising configuration parameters for a first session associated with a first session identifier between the wireless device and a user plane function and a second session associated with a second session identifier different from the first session identifier, for packet duplication of the first session, between the wireless device and the user plane function. The base station transmits, to the wireless device, at least one second radio resource control message indicating activation of the packet duplication. Based on the activation of the packet duplication, the base station receives original packets via the first session associated with the user plane function and duplicated packets of the first session via the second session.

This application provides example path switching methods, example communication apparatuses, and example communication systems. One example method includes obtaining, by a session management network element, a context of a first transport layer connection, where the first transport layer connection is between a source transport layer proxy network element and a terminal device. In response to determining that a protocol data unit (PDU) session anchor for the terminal device needs to be changed, the session management network element can send the context of the first transport layer connection to a target transport layer proxy network element, where the context is used to establish a third transport layer connection between the target transport layer proxy network element and the terminal device.

Methods, apparatus, and systems for wireless communication are described. In one example aspect, a method includes performing, by a communication node, a handover procedure from a source base station to a target base station based on information associated with a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session. The information indicates that at least one tunnel in a list of tunnels that carry user data has a one-to-one correspondence with a Quality of Service (QoS) flow. The method also includes transmitting, for the handover procedure, downlink data to both the source base station and the target base station by the communication node.

A method for managing a cellular radio communications network is proposed. The method comprises: receiving (102) a plurality of numerology capability indications from a plurality of radio devices, wherein a numerology capability indication comprises one or more direct-link block lengths for communicating via a physical direct-link radio channel; receiving a plurality of cell indications, wherein the cell indication indicates in which radio cell the respective radio device is operating; determining an instruction message in dependence on the numerology indications of the first and second radio device and in dependence on the cell indication of the first and second radio device; and transmitting the instruction message towards at least one of the first and second radio devices.

A wireless device receives configuration parameters from a base station. The configuration parameters are for a first session and a second session. The second session is for a packet duplication of the first session. The wireless device receives an activation indication of the packet duplication. Based on the activation indication of the packet duplication, the wireless device sends packets of the first session to a user plane function and a duplication of the packets to the user plane function via the second session.

Various embodiments disclose a computer-implemented method for managing multi-mode communications between node devices in a network comprising initiating a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) session at a first node while in a first mode, where the CSMA/CA session is associated with a request to transmit a data message to a second node, switching from the first mode to a second mode, in response to switching to the second mode, suspending the CSMA/CA session at the first node, switching back to the first mode, and in response to switching back to the first mode, resuming the CSMA/CA session at the first node.

A Fifth Generation New Radio (5GNR) network serves User Equipment (UE) with low-latency Quality-of-Service (QoS). A source 5GNR node receives signaling from the UE and transfers the signaling to a network controller. The network controller processes the signaling to determine a low-latency QoS. A network gateway receives user data and transfers the user data to the source 5GNR node. The source 5GNR node wirelessly transfers the user data to the UE. Responsive to the low-latency QoS, the source 5GNR node transfers multicast signaling to the network controller when received signal strength at the UE reaches a multicast trigger. The network controller transfers multicast signaling to the network gateway. The network gateway multicasts the user data to the source 5GNR node and to neighbor 5GNR nodes.