Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a method comprising receiving first media content from first equipment of a first source, transmitting the first media content to a first base station having a first coverage area for transmission from the first base station to a user device through multi-cast while the user device is within the first coverage area, and transmitting the first media content to a second base station having a second coverage area for transmission from the second base station to the user device through unicast while the user device is within the second coverage area. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive data from both a source base station and a target base station during handover. For example, the UE may refrain from resetting or reestablishing media access control (MAC) and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer configurations until after a successful access procedure is performed with the target base station. In some cases, a single radio link control (RLC)/PDCP stack may be used during handover procedures. A source base station may, for example, forward data to a target base station after receiving a handover execution message. A UE may identify and resolve any duplicate data sent by both base stations during the transition. Additional signaling may be used (e.g., during the radio resource control (RRC) configuration) to indicate that a UE supports dual link handover.

A user equipment (UE) configured to establish a multimedia data stream with a further UE, identify a predetermined condition, wherein the predetermined condition indicates a decrease in quality of the multimedia data stream at the further UE and implement a mechanism to mitigate the degradation of the decrease in quality of the multimedia data stream at the further UE. In some embodiments, the mitigation

Apparatus and methods are provided to reduce mobility interruption time through dual-protocol stacks for mobility enhancement. In novel aspect, the UE configures a target protocol stack for a target gNB upon receiving a reconfiguration message from a source gNB, performs random access procedure and establishes RRC connection with the target gNB through the target protocol stack while simultaneously maintaining data transmission and reception with the source gNB, and releases the source RRC connection with the source gNB and performs data transmission and reception with the target gNB upon detecting one or more predefined release triggering event. In one embodiment, the target protocol stack includes a PHY layer, a MAC layer, and RLC layer, a PDCP and optionally a SDAP. In one embodiment, the UE enables a PDCP reordering, wherein the PDCP reordering is performed on PDCP packet data units received from the source and the target protocol stacks.

A data transmission method, a user equipment (UE), a base station and a system are provided. The method includes maintaining transmission of data of a UE by an original base station in a handover process in which the UE hands over from the original base station to a target base station; and transmitting the data to the target base station by the original base station when maintaining the transmission of the data of the UE.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a method comprising receiving first media content from first equipment of a first source, transmitting the first media content to a first base station having a first coverage area for transmission from the first base station to a user device through multi-cast while the user device is within the first coverage area, and transmitting the first media content to a second base station having a second coverage area for transmission from the second base station to the user device through unicast while the user device is within the second coverage area. Other embodiments are disclosed.

One embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus comprising a transceiving unit and a control unit, and a communication method using the same, wherein the transceiving unit is configured to perform communication with at least one network node in a macro cell, the macro cell comprising at least one small cell and communicating in an FDD mode, and wherein the control unit is configured to control the small cell to communicate in a TDD mode, generate control information for preventing the occurrence of handover when a terminal moves between the small cells within the macro cell, and perform control to transmit the control information to the terminal.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices and computer readable media for communications. A method comprises receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, a first message indicative of a switching condition for the terminal device to switch to a second service providing mode, the terminal device being served by the network device in a first service providing mode. The method further comprises: in accordance with a determination that the switching condition is satisfied, establishing a connection with the network device to be served by the network device in the second service providing mode. In this manner, a dynamic and efficient switching process between multicast mode and unicast mode can be autonomously triggered at the terminal device.

There is provided a method, and a network node for implementing the method, in a cellular telecommunications network. The cellular telecommunications network includes a first and second base station, the first base station having a first interface for communicating with a first cellular core networking node and a second interface for wirelessly communicating with the second base station, the second base station being mobile and having a first interface for wirelessly communicating with the first base station and a second interface for communicating with a User Equipment (UE), wherein the UE's user traffic is transmitted between the first cellular core networking node and the UE via the first and second base stations.

An operation method for a handover, performed by a terminal, may comprise receiving, from a base station of a serving cell, a first message including parameters for measurement and reporting; transmitting a second message to the base station of the serving cell, the second message including a measurement result based on the parameters for measurement and reporting; receiving a third message from the base station of the serving cell, the third message instructing to receive services simultaneously from the serving cell and a target cell; performing a radio access request procedure with the target cell; and transmitting a fourth message to the base station of the serving cell, the fourth message reporting completion of configuration for receiving the services simultaneously from the serving cell and the target cell.