The proposed technology generally relates to radio resource management in wireless communication systems, which operate based on directive beams for serving one or more wireless user devices (120). A basic idea is to process image information obtained from one or more image sensors (115) to predict a change in radio propagation characteristics between a network node (110) of the wireless communication system and a user device (120), and to control a mobility reference signal for at least one directive beam in the wireless communication system and/or configure measurements of the mobility reference signal and/or configure reporting and/or processing of measurement results from measurements of the mobility reference signal, based on the predicted change in radio propagation characteristics.

Methods and apparatus are provided for aggressive beam selection during a handover procedure. A User Equipment (UE) measures a plurality of candidate downlink beams of a target base station (BS), wherein measurement opportunities for each of the candidate downlink beams are scheduled periodically. The UE reports measurements relating to one or more of the measured candidate downlink beams to a source BS. The UE receives a command to handover to the target BS, and in response to receiving the command, attempts to find a new downlink beam of the target BS having a corresponding measurement opportunity that is earlier than a next measurement opportunity of one of the one or more candidate downlink beam.

Disclosed is a method comprising determining a first time period during which radio mobility of one or more terminal devices is not expected, determining a second time period during which radio mobility of the one or more terminal devices is expected, determining a first synchronization signal block, SSB, transmission mode that is to be applied during the first time period, and determining a second synchronization signal block, SSB, transmission mode that is to be applied during the second time period.

A method of operation of a wireless communication device to perform handover from a source cell to a target cell in a wireless communication system is provided. The wireless communication device performs (202) a beam tracking procedure for one or more neighbor cells to provide, for each neighbor cell, a list of tracked beams for the neighbor cell. The wireless communication device receives (212) a handover command from a source radio access node that instructs the wireless communication device to perform a handover from a source cell served by the source radio access node to a target cell served by a target radio access node. The target cell is one of the one or more neighbor cells for which the beam tracking procedure is performed. The wireless communication device then selects (214) a beam of the target cell from the list of tracked beams for the target cell based on random access resource configuration and/or a quality threshold. The wireless communication device then performs (216) random access on the selected beam.

In accordance with particular embodiments, there is disclosed herein a method performed by a wireless device for handover. The method comprises receiving a first handover message from a source network node associated with a source cell. The first handover message comprises an identification of a target cell and access information associated with the target cell. The target cell is different than the source cell and comprises one or more beams. The method also includes identifying at least one beam from among the one or more beams of the target cell. The at least one beam is identified based on the identification of the target cell and the access information from the first handover message. The method further includes accessing the target cell using the identified at least one beam.

A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) and related apparatus are provided. In the method, the UE receives a configuration of a set of cells configured for layer 1 (L1) or layer 2 (L2) inter-cell mobility. The UE further transmits a special cell (SpCell) update message in response to an SpCell change condition on the first SpCell in the set of cells for the L1 or L2 inter-cell mobility. The SpCell change condition may include a beam failure on the first SpCell. The method improves the quality of service, beam reliability, and resource utilization of wireless communication, and reduces latency and power consumption of wireless communication.

Techniques to incorporate quality of experience (QoE) in mobility management are disclosed. A user equipment (UE) may provide a QoE report to network (e.g., cell) upon detection of a QoE report triggering event (e.g., mobility management, environmental trigger, etc.). The QoE report may comprise information related to QoE metrics such as uplink (UL) latency, UL throughput, UL error rate, downlink (DL) frequency, DL throughput, DL error rate, handover (HO) frequency, beam switch frequency, UE power consumption, etc. The network may take actions such as sending a mobility management command if it is decided that QoE should be restored to the UE.

The disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising including at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to: obtain user equipment information indicating whether a user equipment served by the apparatus would need repetitions of a reference signal transmitted by a target base station to successfully select a receiving beam aligned with a transmitting beam in a beam management procedure with the target base station; and send, to the target base station, the user equipment information.

Example embodiments may relate to controlling re-training of a machine learning (ML) model deployed at a device. A method may comprise: performing, by a device associated with a communication network, a task with a ML model to obtain an output, wherein the output is configured to be used for performance of a network operation of the communication network; receiving, from an access node of the communication network, feedback data indicative of a cause of a failure of the network operation; and determining, based on the feedback data, to perform at least one of the following: re-training the machine learning model for performing the task, updating at least one parameter of a non-machine learning algorithm associated with performance of the task with the machine learning model, refraining from re-training the machine learning model, or refraining from updating the at least one parameter of the non-machine learning algorithm.

A beam pattern of a base station antenna is refined when communicating with multiple aircraft, so that interference to adjacent beams from the base station are reduced. The method include receiving position locations from each of multiple aircraft. The method also include the receipt of an attitude of each of the aircraft as well as receipt of measurements of the pilot signals from each of the aircraft. The pilot signals were transmitted by the base station. The method also include the adjustment of an amplitude and a phase of a signal driving at least one antenna transmit element to refine the beam pattern. The adjustment is based at least in part on the pilot measurements, the position locations, and the attitude of each of the aircraft.