A method, an equipment and a system for handing over a cell in a communication system supporting carrier aggregation. The method includes: when a terminal in the communication system moves to the edge of the currently serving cell, the terminal selects one or more neighbor cells from one or more neighbor cells as measurement objects according to the carrier aggregation manner of the one or more neighbor cells; the terminal measures the capabilities of the measurement objects, and obtains one or more measurement results; and the terminal sends a source base station which currently serving the terminal one or more measurement results as capability measurement reports of the one or more neighbor cells. Also provided are an equipment for handing over a cell in a communication system supporting carrier aggregation, a terminal including the said equipment and a communication system including the said terminal.

A method of an access and mobility function (AMF) for state management in a wireless communication system is provided. The method comprises determining a state of at least one state machine, receiving, from a target access network (AN), an N2 path switch request message based on the state of the at least one state machine, transmitting, to a session management function (SMF), an N11 message, and transmitting, to the target AN, an N2 path switch request acknowledgement (Ack) message when receiving an N11 Ack message, from the SMF, corresponding to the N11 message, wherein the target AN transmits a release resource message to a source AN when the target AN receives the N2 path switch request Ack message.

Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture for digital twin aided resiliency are disclosed. An example method includes accessing operational statistics corresponding to one or more physical entities, the one or more physical entities including user equipment and network equipment; updating one or more virtual entities within a virtual environment that correspond, respectively, to the one or more physical entities with the operational statistics; simulating a change to the virtual environment based on the operational statistics; generating a recommendation for the network equipment to perform a task based on the simulated change; and in response to determining a confidence of the recommendation meets a threshold confidence, provide the recommendation to the network equipment.

A method of coordinating a plurality of radio access networks (RANs) includes aggregating, with a gateway, communications interfaces between a plurality of RANs and a packet core network through the gateway. A plurality of radio nodes (RNs) in each of the RANs is communicatively coupled to the gateway and to user equipment (UE) devices associated with the RNs in each of the RANs. The gateway also controls and coordinates mobility of the UE devices within and among the RANs. In addition, the gateway acts as a virtual enhanced NodeB (eNB) to the packet core network, thereby hiding the aggregated communications interfaces from the packet core network.

A method of an access and mobility function (AMF) for state management in a wireless communication system is provided. The method comprises determining a state of at least one state machine, receiving, from a target access network (AN), an N2 path switch request message based on the state of the at least one state machine, transmitting, to a session management function (SMF), an N11 message, and transmitting, to the target AN, an N2 path switch request acknowledgement (Ack) message when receiving an N11 Ack message, from the SMF, corresponding to the N11 message, wherein the target AN transmits a release resource message to a source AN when the target AN receives the N2 path switch request Ack message.

Systems and methods of providing 5G access for a UE are generally described. The UE is simultaneously connected via dual radio operation to a legacy and 5G access system. The UE mobility management states for the access systems are independent of each other. The EPC and 5G CN share an HSS and may share a IP anchor. When handover occurs between access systems, the IP address is retained and the IP anchor used when the UE transmits an Attach Request having a Handover Attach Request Type and otherwise a new IP address is provided and the HSS but not the IP anchor is common between the access systems. The 5G eNB to which the UE is connected is standalone and connected to the 5G CN or dual mode and connected with an EPC via an LTE anchor in addition to the 5G CN.

A Machine-to-machine (M2M) terminal (11) comprises a radio communication unit (111) and a controller (112). The radio communication unit (111) is configured to communicate with a base station (13). The controller (112) is configured to change at least one of a cell selection operation, a cell reselection operation, and a handover operation according to whether a specific coverage enhancement processing is required or according to whether the specific coverage enhancement processing is supported by at least one of a cell (13) in which the M2M terminal (11) camps on and a neighbouring cell (14) of the cell (13) which the M2M terminal (11) camps on. It is thus possible to provide an improved technique for allowing the M2M terminal that is supporting a special coverage enhancement processing for M2M terminals to camp on an appropriate cell.

A method of coordinating a plurality of radio access networks (RANs) includes aggregating, with a gateway, communications interfaces between a plurality of RANs and a packet core network through the gateway. A plurality of radio nodes (RNs) in each of the RANs is communicatively coupled to the gateway and to user equipment (UE) devices associated with the RNs in each of the RANs. The gateway also controls and coordinates mobility of the UE devices within and among the RANs. In addition, the gateway acts as a virtual enhanced NodeB (eNB) to the packet core network, thereby hiding the aggregated communications interfaces from the packet core network.

Systems and methods are disclosed for a 3G gateway. In one embodiment, a system is disclosed, comprising a gateway situated between a 3G radio access network (RAN) and a core network, the gateway providing resource management for a nodeB, and providing routing and node management for another base station, wherein the base station may be configured to provide, as a virtual RNC, radio resource control, power control, ciphering, and multiplexing of multiple users onto a transmission path for a first mobile device attached to the nodeB; the gateway may be configured to relay traffic for a second mobile device attached to the base station; and the gateway may be configured to relay traffic to the core network from both the nodeB and the base station via an IuCS interface and an IuPS interface.

An anomaly detection and analysis system generates analysis or summary of the anomalies detected from key performance indicators (KPIs). The system receives anomaly data reporting anomalies detected in key performance indicator (KPI) data. The system classifies the reported anomalies into a plurality of anomaly items, wherein anomalies from KPI data that share a set of features are assigned to one anomaly item. The system computes a ranking score for each anomaly item by assigning predefined weights for different anomaly types that are present in the anomaly item. The system sorts a list of anomaly items from the plurality of anomaly items into a sorted list of anomaly items according to the ranking scores computed for the plurality of anomaly items. The system sends the sorted list of anomaly items to a user device for presentation.