A transmission device and method for repeatedly transmitting punctured data messages is disclosed. The transmission device is configured to puncture an encoded data message over a plurality of consecutive time slots to provide punctured data messages. The punctured data messages include a first punctured data message and a second punctured data message that are alternately transmitted during the consecutive time slots, the first punctured data message arising from puncturing the encoded data message with a first puncture indices series and the second punctured data message arising from the puncturing of the encoded data message with a second puncture indices series that is complementary to the first puncture indices series. A reception device and method for reassembling the encoded data message based on the punctured data messages is also disclosed.

A method and apparatus for routing packets in a network, such as a satellite mesh network. Network nodes maintain awareness of network status in a limited surrounding region through flooding notifications. Network nodes route packets by addressing them to a selected other node within part or the entire limited surrounding region. Network nodes adjust the portion of the network to which they route packets to match the limited surrounding region, which changes dynamically due to network events.

A communication method and system are provided for converging a 5G communication system with technology for IoT. The disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. A method performed by a V2X includes receiving, from a terminal, a V2X message including location information on the terminal; determining a first MBMS broadcast area for a V2X service based on the location information on the terminal; transmitting, to a BMSC, a first request message for the V2X service including information on the first MBMS broadcast area and a first TMGI for the V2X service, wherein the information on the first MBMS broadcast area includes at least one MBMS SAI mapped to the location information on the terminal; and transmitting, to the BMSC, a second request message for the V2X service, the second request message including information on a second MBMS broadcast area for broadcasting second MBMS data for the V2X service and the first TMGI. The first MBMS data is broadcast within the first MBMS broadcast area, and the first TMGI is used for the second MBMS data, in case that the first MBMS broadcast area does not overlap the second MBMS broadcast area.

Local weather information such as a nationwide emergency network for first responders can enable first responders to communicate nationally with a single network, linking to suppliers, utilities, and weather information. The system disclosed herein can provide data to first responders and data from first responders can provide insights into local conditions that can be utilized by edge data centers. Adding first responder data can improve the processing speed of moving of edge-based applications out of threatened data centers. Because this movement can also have an impact on low latency applications, identifying the closest edge sites without an impact can keep the applications operating.

There is provided a communication system for performing communication by flooding using concurrent transmission among a plurality of communication nodes including a transmission node, a relay node, and a destination node. The transmission node generates and transmits the packet including predetermined transmission data, a first error detection code for the transmission data, and a second error detection code for the transmission data, timing information corresponding to a transmission timing of the packet, and the first error detection code. The relay node receives the packet, performs error detection based on the second error detection code, and updates the second error detection code and reconstructs and transmits the packet if no error is detected. The destination node receives the packet, and performs error detection based on the first error detection code.

A system and method for managing acknowledgments and retransmissions in a distributed manner in a MANET with 2-hop clustering structure. Clusterheads are in charge of assuring delivery of flooding packets to their members. After receiving acknowledgments from associated nodes in the cluster, and clusterheads perform retransmission when necessary with a list of acknowledging nodes. The non-clusterhead nodes receive the retransmissions and determine if that node's acknowledgment was received based on a list of node IDs included in the retransmission. If the node ID is not listed, the node resends the acknowledgment. The process continues until all acknowledgments are received and listed.

In an example, a node in a network includes four ports coupled to respective nodes via respective links. A first port and a third port are coupled to respective nodes via respective near links and a second port and a fourth port are coupled to respective nodes via respective skip links. The node further includes at least one processor configured to send a first message in a first direction via the second port, and the first message includes a first destination address that corresponds to the second side of the node. The at least one processor is further configured to send a second message in a second direction via the fourth port, and the second message includes a second destination address that corresponds to the first side of the node.

In an example, a method includes forming a first self-checking pair including a self-checking node and a first node adjacent to the self-checking node in a network. The method further includes forming a second self-checking pair including the self-checking node and a second node adjacent to the self-checking node in the network, wherein the self-checking node is between the first node and the second node. The method further includes transmitting a first paired broadcast with the first self-checking pair and transmitting a second paired broadcast with the second self-checking pair.

Networking devices may allow for directed wireless communication. Such devices may comprise a movable antenna within a spherical housing having different ports associated with different positions, and may direct wireless communication beams in different directions to provide access to different zones by moving the antenna. A user may configure a system to prioritize or restrict zones or devices based on criteria. This prioritization may facilitate tiered services among users or devices.

A MANET protocol, comprising: receiving a data packet (DP) from a current sender (CS) by a recipient, defining: an identity of the CS, a prior sender (PS) from which CS received DP, and a target recipient (ID), a count (HC) of hops previously traversed by DP, and a sequence identifier (SI); updating a forwarding table (FT) to mark CS as being reachable in one hop, and PS as being reachable in two hops via CS as next hop; determining if ID is the recipient; determining whether to rebroadcast by recipient, if and only if the SI is not present in a list of prior SIs; and selectively rebroadcasting DP by recipient in dependence on said determining, modified by: replacement of CS with an identity of the recipient, PS with CS, and ID with a next hop from the FT if present, and incrementing HC.