A communication system includes a central cloud server to determine a primary communication path between a radio access network (RAN) node and one or more user equipment (UEs) via a first set of edge devices of a plurality of edge devices. The central cloud server determines a secondary communication path between the RAN node and the one or more UEs via a second set of edge devices, and causes the first set of edge devices to establish the determined primary communication path to service the one or more UEs for uplink and downlink communication. The central cloud server control switching from the primary communication path to the secondary communication path within a threshold time based on a presence of a signal obstruction in the primary communication path to maintain a continuity in the service to the one or more UEs for the uplink and downlink communication.

A method of communication between nodes in a telecommunications network. Each node maintains a copy of a shared digital ledger, is identified by a respective identification code and implements a software application configured to manage the transmission of data packets and maintain the shared digital ledger. The method includes: memorizing a list of identification codes, each code identifying a respective node included in a subset of nodes of the network, identifying a receiver node to transmit the data packet, generating a data packet to be delivered to a recipient node, transmitting to the first node of the minimum sequence of nodes the data packet, issuing a request to the network nodes to record the data packet transmission in the distributed ledger, and when a data packet is received, the method requires that each receiver node, other than the recipient node of the data packet, repeats at least some steps.

A method and apparatus of routing a call in a femtocell network are disclosed. In one example call routing method, a call is originated from the mobile station via a femtocell access point and the call is transmitted to a femtocell gateway, a mobile switching center and a carrier gateway server and onto an enterprise gateway server to obtain policy information. A routing policy is determined based on the obtained policy information and the call is routed to its destination based on the routing policy. The call may be routed via local media from a femtocell access point directly to the enterprise gateway server. The call routing procedures may implement the Iuh protocol and/or the session initiation protocol (SIP) for call signaling in the femtocell network. Call routing may be performed in a wireless cellular communications network or an enterprise network environment.

A method and apparatus of routing a call in a femtocell network are disclosed. In one example call routing method, a call is originated from the mobile station via a femtocell access point and the call is transmitted to a femtocell gateway, a mobile switching center and a carrier gateway server and onto an enterprise gateway server to obtain policy information. A routing policy is determined based on the obtained policy information and the call is routed to its destination based on the routing policy. The call may be routed via local media from a femtocell access point directly to the enterprise gateway server. The call routing procedures may implement the Iuh protocol and/or the session initiation protocol (SIP) for call signaling in the femtocell network. Call routing may be performed in a wireless cellular communications network or an enterprise network environment.

An apparatus and method are provided for steering a PDU session associated with traffic routed to a selected UPF. The method includes receiving, from an AF entity, a first message including information for selecting a UPF entity for traffic routing of a terminal and information on a spatial condition associated with a location of the terminal; transmitting, to an SMF entity, a second message to receive information associated with the location of the terminal indicating that the terminal entered or left a specific area, the specific area being determined by the PCF entity based on the spatial condition; receiving, from the SMF entity, a third message including the information associated with the location of the terminal; and transmitting, to the SMF entity, a fourth message based on the information associated with the location of the terminal included in the third message, the fourth message including the information for selecting the UPF entity for traffic routing of the terminal.

An apparatus and method are provided for steering a PDU session associated with traffic routed to a selected UPF. The method includes receiving, from an AF entity, a first message including information for selecting a UPF entity for traffic routing of a terminal and information on a spatial condition associated with a location of the terminal; transmitting, to an SMF entity, a second message to receive information associated with the location of the terminal indicating that the terminal entered or left a specific area, the specific area being determined by the PCF entity based on the spatial condition; receiving, from the SMF entity, a third message including the information associated with the location of the terminal; and transmitting, to the SMF entity, a fourth message based on the information associated with the location of the terminal included in the third message, the fourth message including the information for selecting the UPF entity for traffic routing of the terminal.

The disclosure relates to method and system for geographic routing mesh network. The method may include determining, by a first node, a first list of nodes proximal to the first node in a mesh network. The method further includes sending, by the first node to each node on the first list of nodes, the first list of nodes proximal to the first node. The method(s) further includes receiving, by the first node in response to sending the first list of nodes, one or more second list of nodes from one or more nodes of the first list of nodes, each of the one or more second list of nodes being proximal to one of the one or more nodes of the first list of nodes and updating, by the first node in response to receiving one or more second list of nodes proximal to the one more nodes of the first list of nodes, one or more nodes of the first list of nodes.

A method for selecting a content forwarding node in a vehicle ad-hoc network on the basis of service type, comprising the following steps: calculating a bandwidth occupation proportion factor according to the type of requested content information and a bandwidth occupation situation of a neighboring vehicle which can perform forwarding in a one-hop transmission range; defining a virtual arrival time of a candidate forwarding vehicle to an initial request vehicle according to the distance between the neighboring vehicle and the initial request vehicle and a driving speed of the neighboring vehicle; calculating a forwarding node impact factor according to the bandwidth occupation proportion factor and the virtual arrival time; and selecting a forwarding node according to the forwarding node impact factor.

The present application relates to communications between a partner network and a wide area network (WAN). The partner network and WAN may exchange representations of the respective networks including a delay profile for the partner network. The WAN receives a network delay profile for multiple virtual network entities within the partner network. The multiple virtual network entities include at least a plurality of peering locations with the WAN. The WAN determines a path from the partner network through the WAN via a selected peering location of the plurality of peering locations with the WAN to a destination based on at least the network delay profile. The WAN deploys a policy for an agent within the partner network. The policy identifies traffic for the destination to route through the WAN via the selected peering location. The WAN routes traffic from the selected peering location to the destination along the path.

The present application relates to communications between a partner network and a wide area network (WAN). The partner network and WAN may exchange representations of the respective networks including a delay profile for the partner network. The WAN receives a network delay profile for multiple virtual network entities within the partner network. The multiple virtual network entities include at least a plurality of peering locations with the WAN. The WAN determines a path from the partner network through the WAN via a selected peering location of the plurality of peering locations with the WAN to a destination based on at least the network delay profile. The WAN deploys a policy for an agent within the partner network. The policy identifies traffic for the destination to route through the WAN via the selected peering location. The WAN routes traffic from the selected peering location to the destination along the path.