Methods for determining a Sidelink (SL) relay node, an SL relay node, and a terminal are provided. A method for determining an SL relay node is performed by a first SL relay node and includes: obtaining SL connection request information of a first terminal; and sending SL connection forwarding information in a case that the first SL relay node meets a first preset condition. The SL connection forwarding information includes the SL connection request information.

A system and method for managing congestion in a multi-hop wireless network, employing congestion notification messages. The technology has three main components: a mechanism at the Medium Access (MAC) layer for determining when a given source or transit node is deemed congested; a mechanism at the Network Layer (NL) determining how to propagate this information to applications, including suitably combining overload indications received from neighbors; and a mechanism at the Transport Layer (TL) of each source of traffic for determining when a source is generating excessive traffic, and combining it with Medium Access Control (MAC)-based overload indication from downstream nodes, thus providing a multi-layer approach to traffic throttling.

A path selection apparatus for selecting a path when storing sensor reports from lower nodes in a packet and transmitting the packet to an upper node in a sensor tree including a plurality of nodes includes a node movement unit that selects a first node holding a child node under the first node in the sensor tree, and moves a second node under the subtree with the first node as a vertex to a position under a third node not belonging to the subtree in the sensor tree when a movement of the second node to the position under the third node decreases a total number of packets to be transmitted and received in the sensor tree.

A path selection apparatus for selecting a path when storing sensor reports from lower nodes in a packet and transmitting the packet to an upper node in a sensor tree including a plurality of nodes includes a node movement unit that selects a first node holding a child node under the first node in the sensor tree, and moves a second node under the subtree with the first node as a vertex to a position under a third node not belonging to the subtree in the sensor tree when a movement of the second node to the position under the third node decreases a total number of packets to be transmitted and received in the sensor tree.

Provided is a method for performing relay forwarding on integrated access and backhaul (IAB) links. The method includes receiving, by a first IAB node, a data packet; and transmitting, by the first IAB node, the data packet to an IAB donor. Further provided are an information acquisition method, an IAB node, an IAB donor node and a storage medium.

Provided is a method for performing relay forwarding on integrated access and backhaul (IAB) links. The method includes receiving, by a first IAB node, a data packet; and transmitting, by the first IAB node, the data packet to an IAB donor. Further provided are an information acquisition method, an IAB node, an IAB donor node and a storage medium.

Geographic proximity and network congestion are used to determine efficient routing of data in networks. If two devices are geographically close, then device-to-device communication may be possible. Data may thus be routed using device-to-device communication, which avoids consuming bandwidth in wide area networks and in cellular networks.

Geographic proximity and network congestion are used to determine efficient routing of data in networks. If two devices are geographically close, then device-to-device communication may be possible. Data may thus be routed using device-to-device communication, which avoids consuming bandwidth in wide area networks and in cellular networks.

A method of operating a network server, such as a mobile application gateway, connect devices on a cellular or carrier network with individual networks, such as enterprise voice and data networks or residential networks. The effects of the present invention are far reaching in terms of transferring effective call control from the cellular network into the control of the individual network, such as the enterprise, and enabling new business models for the purchase of cellular service from a public cellular carrier by an enterprise.

A method of operating a network server, such as a mobile application gateway, connect devices on a cellular or carrier network with individual networks, such as enterprise voice and data networks or residential networks. The effects of the present invention are far reaching in terms of transferring effective call control from the cellular network into the control of the individual network, such as the enterprise, and enabling new business models for the purchase of cellular service from a public cellular carrier by an enterprise.