A method and a base station for determining transmission paths are provided. The method includes determining that multiple transmission paths are to be configured for each of one or more terminals, and determining first configuration information of a terminal group corresponding to each terminal, which is used for configuring multiple transmission paths for a terminal in the terminal group. The disclosure reduces the complexity and computation amount of configuring transmission paths and improves the system performance.

In one embodiment, a method comprises: establishing, by a network management device, a wireless multicast tree topology for a wireless mesh network, the wireless multicast tree topology comprising a root network device and wireless multicast hubs providing respective wireless multicast areas, the establishing including selecting each wireless multicast hub based on a corresponding location and a corresponding wireless neighbor count; and causing, by the network management device, the root network device to unicast transmit to a selected one or more of the wireless multicast hubs a multicast packet encapsulated within a unicast header, the unicast header causing the selected one or more of the wireless multicast hubs to multicast transmit the multicast packet within a corresponding one or more of the wireless multicast areas.

An integrated circuit for use in a wireless management system with a primary node and secondary nodes includes: a wireless transceiver; and a wireless management controller included with or coupled to the wireless transceiver. The wireless management controller is configured to: identify a first secondary node of the secondary nodes in communication with the primary node; identify a second secondary node of the secondary nodes not in communication with the primary node; and enable the first secondary node to operate as a proxy node that repeats downlink messages to or uplink messages from the second secondary node.

Embodiments of this application provide a transmission path switching method and apparatus. When a transmission path is switched, a currently used data transmission path is not directly switched from a first transmission path to a second transmission path after the second transmission path is configured, but after it is further determined that a first condition is met, the currently used data transmission path is switched from the first transmission path to the second transmission path, to avoid data interruption in a process of switching a data transmission path of an application from the first transmission path to the second transmission path. This improves use smoothness of the application.

Disclosed are a method and device for implementing an ad hoc network routing protocol in a multi-agent system. The device includes a trajectory information acquisition module, a data packet delivery module, a delivery confirmation module, a data packet forwarding module, a data transmission feedback module and a data storage module. The method includes: acquiring a separation and rendezvous timing table and an adjacency matrix of an ad hoc network composed of multiple agents at a given moment; if a source node has message sending requirement, performing data packet delivery and delivery confirmation based on the separation and rendezvous timing table and the adjacency matrix; and performing data packet forwarding and transmission status feedback by a non-source node.

Provided is a communication system including multiple communication terminals, which are layered in a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. The communication system includes at least two first communication terminals provided in the first layer. The communication system includes multiple second communication terminals provided in the second layer and capable of directly communicating with the first communication terminals. The communication system includes multiple third communication terminals provided in the third layer and capable of directly communicating with some of the second communication terminals. The second communication terminals and the third communication terminals are provided in multiple separate areas. A third communication terminal from among the third communication terminals performs communication via one of the first communication terminals when communicating with one of the second communication terminals or one of the third communication terminals in an area different from an area where the third communication terminal is provided.

A distributed wireless gateway comprises several switches. Each switch is coupled to a respective set of wireless access points. When a given switch receives a packet from one of its wireless access points, it creates a mapping between that access point and the host that sent the packet to the access point. The given switch advertises to other switches in the distributed wireless gateway reachability information that maps that host to the switch, enabling the other switches to identify the given switch as the next hop when they receive a packet destined for that host.

Method and systems for transitioning a wireless device between client-less connectivity and client-based connectivity are disclosed. In an embodiment, a method for transitioning a wireless device between client-less connectivity and client-based connectivity involves forwarding traffic from a wireless device through a SASE domain, receiving a request for information related to a SASE gateway in the SASE domain from the wireless device, transmitting information related to the SASE gateway from the SASE domain to the wireless device in response to the request, and transitioning the wireless device between client-less connectivity to the SASE gateway and client-based connectivity to the SASE gateway.

This application discloses a data transmission method and a communication apparatus. The data transmission method includes: The access network device receives a first data packet from a first terminal device, where the first data packet is associated with a terminal group, the terminal group including the first terminal device. The access network device sends the first data packet to a first routing device for forwarding. The first routing device corresponds to the terminal group. The first routing device stores routing information of one or more respective terminal devices of the terminal group. The routing information is for forwarding the first data packet. Signaling overheads can be reduced by using embodiments of this application.

Automated processes, computing systems, devices and other aspects of a wireless data network are described. According to various embodiments, message flooding in the wireless network is reduced through the use of “dummy” messages from the radio unit (RU) to the distributed unit (DU) and/or layer two (L2) switch. The dummy messages prevent timeout of the RU's data in the L2 switch's routing tables, thereby prolonging the period of time that the L2 switch is able to more efficiently direct subsequent traffic toward that particular device.