A routing table creation method, an electronic device, and a network are provided. The method includes: generating a first probe packet, where the first probe packet has a source address and a destination address; sending, from a source node corresponding to the source address, the first probe packet on a network including at least two nodes, until the first probe packet reaches a destination node corresponding to the destination address, and recording addresses of nodes through which the first probe packet passes, to form a first path; generating a second path according to the first path, where the second path is a reverse path of the first path; generating a first response packet, sending the first response packet along a second path until the first response packet reaches the source node; and creating a routing table entry according to the second path.

A communication session for a UE can be restored in the event of serving call session control function (S-CSCF) node unavailability and/or application server (AS) unavailability by storing, prior to IMS unavailability, attribute-value pairs (AVPs) at a home subscriber server (HSS). These AVPs can be used independently by individual IMS nodes to restore a communication session for a UE due to an unavailable IMS node. When a first S-CSCF node becomes unavailable, a proxy CSCF (P-CSCF) node can send a SIP request originating from the UE to a second S-CSCF node. The second S-CSCF node can then send a request to the HSS for an identifier of an AS associated with the UE. Upon receipt of the AS identifier (e.g., an active AS name AVP) from the HSS, the second S-CSCF node can send the SIP request to the AS in order to restore the communication session for the UE.

A communication session for a UE can be restored in the event of serving call session control function (S-CSCF) node unavailability and/or application server (AS) unavailability by storing, prior to IMS unavailability, attribute-value pairs (AVPs) at a home subscriber server (HSS). These AVPs can be used independently by individual IMS nodes to restore a communication session for a UE due to an unavailable IMS node. When a first S-CSCF node becomes unavailable, a proxy CSCF (P-CSCF) node can send a SIP request originating from the UE to a second S-CSCF node. The second S-CSCF node can then send a request to the HSS for an identifier of an AS associated with the UE. Upon receipt of the AS identifier (e.g., an active AS name AVP) from the HSS, the second S-CSCF node can send the SIP request to the AS in order to restore the communication session for the UE.

An apparatus comprising means for receiving, by an integrated access backhaul node from an integrated access backhaul donor, information for limiting re-routing of data packets over one or more wireless backhaul connections of an integrated access backhaul network; means for receiving, by the integrated access backhaul node, at least one data packet over a first wireless backhaul connection from an originating integrated access backhaul node; means for re-routing, by the integrated access backhaul node, the received at least one data packet over a second wireless backhaul connection based on the received information for limiting re-routing.

An apparatus comprising means for receiving, by an integrated access backhaul node from an integrated access backhaul donor, information for limiting re-routing of data packets over one or more wireless backhaul connections of an integrated access backhaul network; means for receiving, by the integrated access backhaul node, at least one data packet over a first wireless backhaul connection from an originating integrated access backhaul node; means for re-routing, by the integrated access backhaul node, the received at least one data packet over a second wireless backhaul connection based on the received information for limiting re-routing.

A communication system includes a central cloud server that causes each of a plurality of edge devices to initiate a discovery process. The central cloud server obtains a plurality of sensed parameters from each edge device based on the discovery process, where the plurality of sensed parameters are associated with donor antenna array and one or more relay antenna arrays of each edge device. The central cloud server determines a plurality of path setup parameters specific for each edge device. The plurality of path setup parameters determined specifically for each edge device are communicated to each corresponding edge device. The central cloud server causes the plurality of edge devices to form a mesh network such that a spatial coverage of a first radio access network node is increased to serve one or more remote user equipment via the mesh network with a throughput rate greater than a threshold.

An apparatus comprising means for receiving, by an integrated access backhaul node from an integrated access backhaul donor, information for limiting re-routing of data packets over one or more wireless backhaul connections of an integrated access backhaul network; means for receiving, by the integrated access backhaul node, at least one data packet over a first wireless backhaul connection from an originating integrated access backhaul node; means for re-routing, by the integrated access backhaul node, the received at least one data packet over a second wireless backhaul connection based on the received information for limiting re-routing.

An apparatus comprising means for receiving, by an integrated access backhaul node from an integrated access backhaul donor, information for limiting re-routing of data packets over one or more wireless backhaul connections of an integrated access backhaul network; means for receiving, by the integrated access backhaul node, at least one data packet over a first wireless backhaul connection from an originating integrated access backhaul node; means for re-routing, by the integrated access backhaul node, the received at least one data packet over a second wireless backhaul connection based on the received information for limiting re-routing.

A communication system includes an edge device that communicates a plurality of sensed parameters to a central cloud server, where the plurality of sensed parameters are associated with the donor antenna array and the one or more relay antenna arrays. The edge device obtains a plurality of path setup parameters specific for the edge device from the central cloud server in response to the communicated plurality of sensed parameters. The edge device further establishes, via the donor antenna array, a communication link to an upstream neighboring node of a plurality of neighboring nodes based on the obtained plurality of path setup parameters. The edge device further establishes, via the one or more relay antenna arrays, one or more communication links to one or more downstream neighboring nodes of the plurality of neighboring nodes based on the obtained plurality of path setup parameters.

Method and apparatus for application server change are disclosed. A method comprises obtaining information on application server change for an application when server changes to a target application server; and making decision to inform UE to rediscover the target application server for the application or configure UPF to steer traffic to and from the target application server for the application