A wireless communications device is configured to act as a remote node of a wireless access network by selecting, when the wireless communications device is in an idle mode in which it has not established a connection to the wireless communications network, an infrastructure equipment forming part of the radio access network of the wireless communications network to provide a network interface with a core network part of the wireless communications network via the selected infrastructure equipment.

A transmitting apparatus generates at least one of a first type of schedule element supporting an allocation involving a single channel and a second type of schedule element supporting an allocation involving a plurality of channels and transmits a MAC frame including the generated at least one schedule element over a first channel. When the allocation involving the plurality of channels includes the first channel, the transmitting apparatus generates a first type of schedule element including information regarding the allocation involving the plurality of channels and generates the second type of schedule element including difference information, and when the allocation involving the plurality of channels does not include the first channel, the transmitting apparatus omits the generation of the first type of schedule element and generates the second type of schedule element including all the information regarding the allocation involving the plurality of channels.

A transmitting apparatus generates at least one of a first type of schedule element supporting an allocation involving a single channel and a second type of schedule element supporting an allocation involving a plurality of channels and transmits a MAC frame including the generated at least one schedule element over a first channel. When the allocation involving the plurality of channels includes the first channel, the transmitting apparatus generates a first type of schedule element including information regarding the allocation involving the plurality of channels and generates the second type of schedule element including difference information, and when the allocation involving the plurality of channels does not include the first channel, the transmitting apparatus omits the generation of the first type of schedule element and generates the second type of schedule element including all the information regarding the allocation involving the plurality of channels.

Methods and devices for transmitting machine type communication (MTC) system information are provided. A base station determines the ability of an MTC apparatus to detect information in a cell. The ability to detect information includes whether the MTC apparatus supports searching for default MTC system information in a target resource region. The base station may further map a target physical resource in a time-frequency region corresponding to the preset sub-frame according to the information detection ability and a preset resource mapping manner. The target physical resource is used to load the default MTC system information. The base station may also broadcast the preset MTC system information by the target physical resource.

Methods and devices for transmitting machine type communication (MTC) system information are provided. A base station determines the ability of an MTC apparatus to detect information in a cell. The ability to detect information includes whether the MTC apparatus supports searching for default MTC system information in a target resource region. The base station may further map a target physical resource in a time-frequency region corresponding to the preset sub-frame according to the information detection ability and a preset resource mapping manner. The target physical resource is used to load the default MTC system information. The base station may also broadcast the preset MTC system information by the target physical resource.

Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein associated with physical random access, e.g., for new radio (NR) implementations such as NR-unlicensed (NR-U). A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may switch a position of a PRACH occasion (RO) with another RO to reduce latency (e.g., so that a WTRU can transmit a preamble without performing a LBT operation). Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for reserving a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure gap at the beginning of a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) in New Radio (NR) unlicensed (NR-U) systems. The present systems, methods, and instrumentalities may (e.g., may also) be applied to consecutive ROs. This may include reserving a LBT gap for example, for a RO transmission (e.g., for each of the consecutive ROs). Low latency RACH for NR-U systems may be supported (e.g., mapping rules for the RO may be implemented).

Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein associated with physical random access, e.g., for new radio (NR) implementations such as NR-unlicensed (NR-U). A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may switch a position of a PRACH occasion (RO) with another RO to reduce latency (e.g., so that a WTRU can transmit a preamble without performing a LBT operation). Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for reserving a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure gap at the beginning of a random access channel (RACH) occasion (RO) in New Radio (NR) unlicensed (NR-U) systems. The present systems, methods, and instrumentalities may (e.g., may also) be applied to consecutive ROs. This may include reserving a LBT gap for example, for a RO transmission (e.g., for each of the consecutive ROs). Low latency RACH for NR-U systems may be supported (e.g., mapping rules for the RO may be implemented).

Systems and methods are provided by which all APs in a particular deployment can be used to assist in the out-of-band discovery of 6 GHz radios by client devices. That is, a series of iterative operations can be performed to: (I) determine the state of 6 GHz radios in a zone/deployment area; (II) identify what radios can be considered near-neighbors to non-6 GHz radios for purposes of advertising one or more of the 6 GHz radios; (Ill) rank neighboring 6 GHz radios for a given non-6 GHz radio based on certain radio metrics; and (IV) ultimately determine those 6 GHz radios that can be advertised by the given non-6 GHz radio.

Systems and methods are provided by which all APs in a particular deployment can be used to assist in the out-of-band discovery of 6 GHz radios by client devices. That is, a series of iterative operations can be performed to: (I) determine the state of 6 GHz radios in a zone/deployment area; (II) identify what radios can be considered near-neighbors to non-6 GHz radios for purposes of advertising one or more of the 6 GHz radios; (Ill) rank neighboring 6 GHz radios for a given non-6 GHz radio based on certain radio metrics; and (IV) ultimately determine those 6 GHz radios that can be advertised by the given non-6 GHz radio.

A communication apparatus includes: control circuitry that controls transmission/reception of a first control frame and a first data frame used for communication with another communication apparatus, and controls transmission/reception of a second control frame and a second data frame used for communication with the another communication apparatus; first radio circuitry that performs radio communication of the first control frame and the first data frame using a first omni-directional antenna; and second radio circuitry that performs radio communication of the second control frame and the second data frame using a second directional antenna. When the first radio circuitry receives, from the another communication apparatus, a WSA frame including information on the radio communication using the second radio circuitry among a plurality of the first control frames, the control circuitry determines not to perform an association procedure between the communication apparatus and the another communication apparatus based on the WSA frame.