A measurement method, a terminal device, and a network side device are provided. The method includes: in a case that at least two transmission nodes are configured for a first serving frequency of a terminal device, performing system frame number and frame timing difference (SFTD) measurement according to a first measurement parameter to obtain an SFTD measurement result, where the first measurement parameter is used to instruct to perform at least one of the following: measuring an SFTD value between a specific transmission node of the first serving frequency and a first network node, or measuring a timing difference between different specific transmission nodes of the first serving frequency.

The present disclosure provides a reliability assurance method and a related apparatus. A receiving end device (watchdog) detects a continuous packet loss state, and sends the continuous packet loss state to an access network device, so that the access network device adjusts differentiated scheduling and a reliability assurance policy based on the continuous packet loss state.

Various solutions for satellite access network (SAN) or non-terrestrial network (NTN) measurement with respect to user equipment and network apparatus in mobile communications are described. An apparatus may determine a first number of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) or SSB-based radio resource management (RRM) measurement timing configurations (SMTCs) overlapped in a time domain. The apparatus may determine a second number of satellites to be measured in each of the SMTCs. The apparatus may calculate a scaling factor according to the first number and the second number. The apparatus may determine a measurement period by applying the scaling factor. The apparatus may perform measurements on the satellites within the measurement period.

An apparatus and system of establishing receive timing difference (RTD) for high subcarrier spacing (SCS) are described. The RTD is dependent on whether carrier aggregation (CA) or dual connectivity (DC) is used. For CA, RTD reflects the entire time difference between carriers caused by a Timing Alignment Error (TAE) and propagation delay difference between slots aligned at transmission. For DC, RTD is between the closest slot boundaries and reflects only slot boundary misalignment without considering the slot index.

Techniques for neighborhood management between WiFi and unlicensed spectrum radios. A wireless access point (AP), including a first radio, identifies a neighboring second radio operating using at least a portion of an unlicensed radio spectrum, based on a time that the AP receives a transmission from the second radio using a frequency within the unlicensed radio spectrum. Transmission between the first radio and the second radio is synchronized by identifying a clock offset between a first clock relating to the first radio and a second clock relating to the second radio.

Implementations of advanced frequency synchronization in a mobile integrated access backhaul deployment are disclosed. An apparatus includes at least one processor, and at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: estimate a change in a propagation delay at two time instants, measure a time period of the two time instants using a local clock of a network node, wherein the two time instants correspond to a known timing of a received signal, subtract the change of the propagation delay from the measured time period, calculate a difference between the subtracted time period and a known timing of the received signal; and convert the difference to a frequency offset value to synchronize downlink transmission frequency between the network node and a parent node.

Systems and methods for determining round trip time (RTT) includes a second node, which receives a first signal from a first node at a first time, determines a timing advance based on a first estimated channel response for the first signal, and transmits at a second time, a second signal to the first node, wherein the second time occurs after the first time by an amount of a pre-specified delay for RTT estimation minus the timing advance. The first node transmits the first signal to the second node at an initial time, receives the second signal from the second node, and determines a timing statistic from a second estimated channel response for the second signal, the timing statistic estimated at a third time. The first node determines the RTT as the third time minus the initial time minus the pre-specified delay for RTT estimation.

A method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network includes receiving a first reference signal at a first reception time from a first network node, receiving a second reference signal at a second reception time from a second network node, receiving a first indication of a first reference time, receiving a second indication of a second reference time, and transmitting a report to a serving network node. The indications of the first and second reference times indicate timings of frame structures of the first and second network nodes, respectively. The report is based on a first representation of a difference between the first reception time and the second reception time. The first representation is further based on the indications of the first and second reference times. Also provided are related devices and methods.

Disclosed are a transmission delay indication method and device. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a network device determines a common transmission delay of at least one cell, and sends the common transmission delay to a terminal in the at least one cell. The common transmission delay is used for the terminal in the at least one cell to determine a transmission timing sequence with a network side.

Methods, systems, and devices are described for low latency communications within a wireless communications system. An eNB and/or a UE may be configured to operate within the wireless communications system and may send triggers to initiate communications using a dedicated resource in a wireless communications network that supports transmissions having a first subframe type and a second subframe type, the first subframe type comprising symbols of a first duration and the second subframe type comprising symbols of a second duration that is shorter than the first duration. Communications may be initiated by transmitting a trigger from the UE or eNB using the dedicated resource, and initiating communications following the trigger. The duration of time between the trigger and initiating communications can be significantly shorter than the time to initiate communications using legacy LTE communications.