A communications method includes determining, by a first platoon member, at least one second platoon member, where the first platoon member and the at least one second platoon member belong to a same platoon, and signal quality of a communication link from the first platoon member to each second platoon member is less than a first preset quality threshold, determining, by the first platoon member, a target communications node, where signal quality of a communication link from the target communications node to each second platoon member is greater than or equal to the first preset quality threshold, and sending, by the first platoon member, to-be-sent data to each second platoon member through the target communications node.

There is provided mechanisms for providing wireless network access to an external wide area network. A method is performed by a user terminal device. The method includes establishing a wireless connection to a gateway device located in a vehicle. The user terminal device is identified as a client to the gateway device. The user terminal device uses the gateway device as gateway for all data traffic exchanged between the user terminal device and the external wide area network. The method includes establishing wireless network access for the gateway device to the external wide area network. The gateway device is operatively connected to the external wide area network via the user terminal device. The user terminal device bridges all data traffic communicated between the gateway device and the external wide area network.

In some example embodiment, there may be provided an apparatus configured to at least receive or generate an indication indicative of two flows including a first flow and a second flow, the two flows carrying data from a first user equipment via a cellular network to a second user equipment. Related system, methods, and articles of manufacture are also disclosed.

Techniques and apparatuses are described for secondary cell-user equipment (SC-UE) handovers. In aspects, a base station provides, as a primary cell, primary cell services to a first group of user equipments (UEs) in a first base station-user equipment dual connectivity (BUDC) group. In implementations, the base station determines to perform an SC-UE handover that disconnects a first UE from a first secondary cell-user equipment (SC-UE) that provides a first secondary cell to the first BUDC group and connects the first UE to a second SC-UE that provides a second secondary cell to a second BUDC group. The base station directs the first SC-UE to release the first UE from the first BUDC group, and communicates, as the primary cell, control-plane information or user-plane data with one or more UEs in the first group of UEs that remain in the first BUDC group.

One embodiment of the present specification relates to a method by which a relay UE performs communication, comprising the steps of: receiving, from an access and mobility management function (AMF), a UE configuration update command message including information for requesting registration of the relay UE; transmitting, to a remote UE, a message indicating suspension of a PC5 connection; receiving, from the remote UE, a message indicating that the PC5 connection has been completely suspended; transmitting, to the AMF, a UE configuration update complete message in response to the UE configuration update command message; performing a registration procedure with the AMF; and resuming the PC5 connection with the remote UE.

An apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure is a mobile relay station mounted on a vehicle, including: an antenna system capable of transmitting and receiving radio waves both inside and outside the vehicle; and a wireless control station capable of controlling directivity of the antenna system and having a function of switching between a first relay mode and a second relay mode described below, wherein the wireless control station switches the first and second relay modes on or off based on predetermined control information. First relay mode: mode for relaying communication between a wireless communication device outside the vehicle and a wireless communication device inside the vehicle. Second relay mode: mode for relaying communication between a wireless communication device outside the vehicle and another wireless communication device outside the vehicle.

Methods for determining a Sidelink (SL) relay node, an SL relay node, and a terminal are provided. A method for determining an SL relay node is performed by a first SL relay node and includes: obtaining SL connection request information of a first terminal; and sending SL connection forwarding information in a case that the first SL relay node meets a first preset condition. The SL connection forwarding information includes the SL connection request information.

Aspects relate to a relay device detecting a change in a protocol data unit (PDU) session configuration that the relay device has established for a user equipment (UE) that accesses a network via the relay device. Upon detecting this change, the relay device signals an indication of the change to the UE. Aspects also relate to UE that is connected to a relay device and that reselects an interworking function (e.g., a non-3.sup.rd Generation Partnership Project interworking function (N3IWF)). In some examples, the UE receives an indication from the relay device that a serving relay PDU session configuration has changed and, in response, the UE selects a new interworking function.

Aspects relate to a relay device detecting a change in a protocol data unit (PDU) session configuration that the relay device has established for a user equipment (UE) that accesses a network via the relay device. Upon detecting this change, the relay device signals an indication of the change to the UE. Aspects also relate to UE that is connected to a relay device and that reselects an interworking function (e.g., a non-3.sup.rd Generation Partnership Project interworking function (N3IWF)). In some examples, the UE receives an indication from the relay device that a serving relay PDU session configuration has changed and, in response, the UE selects a new interworking function.

Methods and systems for easily establishing or switching between wireless connections by sending a Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) command from a first BLE enabled device to a second BLE enabled device, where the BLE command causes the second BLE enabled device to attempt to establish a Bluetooth Classic connection with one or more source devices from a list of source devices that have previously been paired with the second BLE device. The first BLE device is configured to obtain or receive the list from the second BLE device, and in response to one or more triggers, send the BLE command. The list of previously paired source devices may be presented to a user via a display screen with touch-screen functionality, and in some examples, may utilize one or more algorithms to intelligently order the available source devices based on a variety of factors.