A system for heating electro-optic media comprises an electro-optic device comprising: a first substrate having first and second surfaces; a second substrate having third and fourth surfaces; a chamber defined between the opposed third surface of the second substrate and the second surface of the first substrate; electro-optic medium in chamber; a first electrode associated with second surface of first substrate; and a second electrode associated with third surface of second substrate; and a circuit in communication with first and second electrodes, comprising: a first EMF source capable of producing a first voltage; a second EMF source capable of producing a second voltage different from the first voltage; a plurality of switches configured to control the application of first and second voltages to the first and second electrodes; and a controller configured to control the switches, the first EMF source, and the second EMF source.

Provided is a supporting unit supporting a substrate. The supporting unit may include: a plate; heating elements provided to the plate and controlling a temperature of a substrate, wherein the heating elements are arranged to control temperatures of different areas of the substrate; and a power supply module supplying power to the heating element, and the power supply module may be configured to continuously supply the power to at least two heating elements of the heating elements.

An electronic smoking device includes an elongate housing sleeve accommodating at least part of the following components: a battery as an electric power source powering an electrically activatable atomizer including an electric heater adapted to atomize a liquid supplied from a reservoir to provide an aerosol exiting from the atomizer; a puff detector adapted to indicate an aerosol inhaling puff; and control electronics connected to the puff detector and adapted to control the heater of the atomizer. At least part of the battery, the puff detector, the control electronics and/or the atomizer is mounted on an elongate insert permitting lateral access and fitting into the housing sleeve via one of the ends of the housing sleeve.

Methods of operating a heating oven for use with a heat-not-burn portable heating device for the delivery of vaporized natural consumables are disclosed. The oven operates according to one or more temperature profiles for the duration of a heating session. The oven heats a flower stick filled with natural consumables to vaporize volatile compounds for the inhalation and enjoyment of the user. The oven operates by both conduction and convection via knitted wire filters that have high surface area and thermal mass to enable rapid heat transfer and stabilization of temperatures.

An optical temperature sensing system is disclosed which includes a fiber optic sensor as a primary temperature sensor for reading a temperature of a measured object or a measured environment. The temperature probe is coupled to a converter which generates using solid-state electronic components without software, a temperature output. A temperature sensing system is also disclosed that includes a temperature sensor for reading a temperature of a measured object, and a dual converter module comprising a first converter to provide a primary temperature sensor signal, and a second converter to generate a secondary temperature sensor signal from a signal provided by the first converter. An optical temperature sensor is also described, with a conversion module that generates an output that mimics the output of a thermistor or a thermocouple.

An assembly, comprising a heat-dissipating first resistor, control device for controlling the first resistor, as well as a grounded component, which lies on a potential without direct relation to a control voltage. The first resistor is arranged in spatial vicinity of the grounded component and comprising a first and a second connection. The control device comprises a first switching device and a second switching device. The first switching device, first resistor and second switching device form a series connection. A compensation device is configured such that in the On-state of the first resistor a voltage is applied between the first and second connection, wherein the resistor in the off-state is held on an in-between potential that lies between the first and the second potential and/or the control device is configured to trigger the first resistor in a pulse width modulated fashion, such that the first as well as the second switching device are switched synchronously.

A power on/off circuit includes: a sensor for generating a corresponding first control signal based on a user operation; a first switch element, a first end of the first switch element being connected to a voltage input end, a second end of the first switch element being connected to a voltage output end, the voltage input end being connected to a power supply voltage; and a capacitor connected between a third end of the first switch element and the sensor, the capacitor controlling an on-off of the first switch element based on the first control signal.

A personal consumer product having an energy emitting element in selective electrical communication with a power source is provided. Thermal control circuitry is used to isolate the energy emitting element from the power source when a temperature of the energy emitting element exceeds a threshold. The thermal control circuitry includes a primary thermal control circuit and a redundant thermal control circuit. Methods for controlling the temperature of an energy emitting element of a personal consumer product are also provided.

A cooking device that includes a controller configured to, after being activated, control an operation of the cooking device; a communication unit configured to, after being activated, transmit data to a wireless power transmission device; a pickup coil configured to wirelessly receive power from a transmitting coil of the wireless power transmission device; a rectification unit configured to rectify the an alternating current (AC) of the pickup coil corresponding to the power received by the pickup coil, to produce a direct current (DC); a first capacitor configured to be charged in accordance with the DC current produced by the rectification unit to activate the communication unit; and a second capacitor, having a capacitance greater than a capacitance of the first capacitor, configured to be charged in accordance with the DC current produced by the rectification unit to activate the controller, so that the communication unit is activated before the controller.

A mobile spray dispenser comprises a fluid circulation system and a heating unit. The fluid circulation system has a motorized pump capable of circulating fluid from a fluid reservoir in a high-pressure spray mode and a low-pressure recirculation mode, and of providing the fluid to a sprayer. The motorized pump draws lower power in the low-pressure recirculation mode than in the high-pressure spray mode. The heating unit is disposed within the fluid circulation system to heat the fluid to a target temperature, and comprises a primary heater and a boost heater. The primary heater is configured to be active during both the high-pressure spray mode and the low-pressure recirculation mode. The boost heater is in fluid series with the primary heater, and is configured to be active only during the low-pressure recirculation mode.