A method for providing a thermal feedback, includes executing a virtual reality application providing a virtual space that includes a virtual area to which an area temperature attribute is assigned, and a virtual object to which an object temperature attributed is assigned. An area event that reflects that a player character enters the virtual area is detected. A feedback device is controlled to output thermal feedback associated to the area temperature attribute when the area event is detected, the feedback device outputting the thermal feedback using a thermoelectric element performing a thermoelectric operation. An object event reflecting the player character is influenced by the virtual object is detected. The feedback device is controlled to override the thermal feedback associated to the area temperature attribute and output thermal feedback associated to the object temperature when the object is detected while the player character is in the virtual area.

Power to an electrical device is controlled using a phase control that changes a cutoff phase of an alternating current (AC) electrical signal delivered to the electrical device. The power delivered to the electrical device is increased to an operational level using the phase control. A level of the power delivered to the electrical device is maintained at the operational level using an integral half cycle control that selectively removes a plurality of half cycles from the AC electrical signal delivered to the electrical device such that a plurality of remaining half cycles in the AC electrical signal delivered to the electrical device have a frequency outside a range of sub-harmonic frequencies.

An aerosol delivery device is provided that includes a power source, a heating element, a switch coupled to and between the power source and the heating element, and processing circuitry coupled to the switch. The processing circuitry outputs a PWM signal during a heating time period to cause the switch to switchably connect and disconnect the output voltage to the heating element to power the heating element. The processing circuitry outputs a pulse of known current to the heating element, and measure voltage across the heating element, between adjacent pulses of the PWM signal. And the processing circuitry calculates the resistance of the heating element based on the known current and the voltage, calculates the temperature of the heating element based on the resistance, and adjusts a duty cycle of the PWM signal when the temperature deviates from a predetermined target.

Disclosed herein are aspects of portable vaporizers to deliver aliquots of heated air to material in a furnace. The furnace is multipurposed reducing heat loss, air leakage and delays in availability of air aliquots at the proper temperature for use. By dividing the furnace with an air permeable divider and placing material in the chamber a controller selectively providing electrical power to a heating element configured to heat air furnace. Upon application of suction to the fluid passage heated air passes through a divider which shapes the head of the heated plume before the aliquot of air reaches the material. A controller in signal communications with at least one temperature sensor controls the power flow to a heater to control the temperature produced by heating element(s).

A vaping atomizer for use with a vaping device is provided. The atomizer includes an enclosure portion and a heating-element housing extending through the interior of the enclosure portion. A first cavity for receiving vaping liquid is at least partially formed between the enclosure portion and the heating-element housing. The heating-element housing includes at least one aperture formed therein facilitating transfer of the vaping liquid from the first cavity to a second cavity formed on the interior thereof. The at least one aperture formed in the heating-element housing can be generally shaped as a triangle. The size and shape of the least one aperture can be optimized to prevent the vaping liquid from flooding the interior cavity, and to accommodate uses of various vaping liquids having different viscosities, as well as to prevent liquid-absorbing material provided in the second cavity from drying out to prevent dry hits during use of the vaping atomizer.

An electrically heated aerosol-generating device includes a main housing having a cavity, a closure body engageable with the main housing to enclose a cartridge in the cavity, and a heater assembly. The heater assembly includes an elongate piercing assembly configured to extend into the open-ended passage of the cartridge and one or more electric heaters. The piercing assembly has a first hollow shaft portion connected to the main housing and a second hollow shaft portion connected to the closure body. The first and second hollow shaft portions have first and second piercing surfaces configured to breakthrough first and second frangible seals when the cartridge is enclosed in the cavity.

The present disclosure relates to a porous component and an electronic cigarette including the same. The porous component includes a porous substrate, an atomizing portion located on the porous substrate; a liquid guiding portion located on the porous substrate, a porosity of the liquid guiding portion being greater than a porosity of the atomizing portion; and a functional portion located on the porous substrate. A porosity of the functional portion is greater than a porosity of the liquid guiding portion, and a thermal conductivity of the functional portion is greater than a thermal conductivity of the atomizing portion and the liquid guiding portion.

A heating module and a smoking device are provided by the present application. In the heating module, a heating assembly includes a supporting member and a heating coil. At least part of the heating coil is arranged on the supporting member. A housing member is disposed around an outer peripheral side of the heating assembly. A groove is arranged in an external surface of the supporting member. The heating coil includes a heating main body, and the heating main body twines inside the groove.

Provided herein is a device for ereptiospirating an inhalable material such as a medical wax or solid or highly viscous oil comprising a medication. More particularly, provided herein is a device for continuously ereptiospirating an inhalable material and for delivery of dosages of the inhalable material to patients via direct lung inhalation.

A method for controlling interfacial thermal resistance is provided. The method includes: providing a metallic thermal conductor and a non-metallic thermal conductor, the metallic thermal conductor and the non-metallic thermal conductor are in direct contact with each other to form an interface; and varying an electric field at the interface to modulate the interfacial thermal resistance at the interface.