Disclosed is a system for ohmic heating of a fluid which includes at least one chamber for receiving the fluid and at least two units each including at least one electrode. Each of the at least one electrode is associated to at least one device for galvanic separation. The electrodes of each of the two units are disposed in the chamber at a distance apart from one another and the device for galvanic separation is disposed outside of the chamber. The system also includes at least one frequency inverter that is electrically connected to the at least two electrode-units for operating the at least two electrode-units.

A method for thermally joining thermoplastic fiber composite components, including jointly covering thermoplastic fiber composite components to be joined, at least in the region of a joining zone, with a pressurization arrangement, which is flexible, at least in some section or sections, and extensive pressurization of thermoplastic fiber composite components to be joined by the pressurization arrangement, with the result that the fiber composite components are pressed against one another, at least in the joining zone. The fiber composite components are welded in the joining zone during pressurization. The pressurization is maintained by the pressurization arrangement until the joining zone solidifies. A cover is also disclosed, in particular a mold or diaphragm, for a pressurization device for thermally joining thermoplastic fiber composite components, and an apparatus for thermally joining thermoplastic fiber composite components.

A method for heating an electrical bus in an electrical cabinet containing at least one current conversion device includes determining a temperature inside of the electrical cabinet. The method also includes determining a temperature outside of the electrical cabinet. Further, the method includes applying heat to the electrical bus via conduction when the temperature outside of the electrical cabinet is below a predetermined temperature threshold or a difference between the temperature inside of the electrical cabinet and the temperature outside of the electrical cabinet is less than a desired temperature difference.

The present invention relates to a planar heating element and, more particularly, to planar heating using a multiple electrode system configured to uniformly generate heat by weaving using wires having different thicknesses and materials. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, a planar heating element of the present invention comprises: a first wire part which is heated to generate heat when power is supplied and which is formed of a mesh structure having a regular size; a second wire part which generates heat when power is supplied and which is formed at a mesh size relatively larger than the mesh size of the first wire portion; and a module part for supplying power to the first wire part and the second wire part.

An ohmic heater for heating a food product, comprising: —a rectifier (2) for rectifying the supply voltage; —an inverter (3) comprising controlled switches (30); —a pair (4) of electrodes that can be positioned in contact with the food product to be heated, said inverter (3) being operatively interposed between the rectifier (2) and the pair (4) of electrodes; —means (5) for determining an oscillating voltage (X) generated by the rectifier (2); —a system (800) for regulating the closing duration of the switches (30) of the inverter (3) at least as a function of the corresponding voltage (X) generated by the rectifier (2) and determined at a given time instant by the means (5) for determining an oscillating voltage (X).

In an embodiment, an apparatus for heat treatment of food product by radio frequency (RF) includes a transmission line having: a center conductor that includes a stack of food product packages, and an outer shield that at least partially encloses the center conductor. An RF connector is electrically coupled with the center conductor and with a source of RF voltage.

A PTC heating cell has a cuboid-shaped PTC element and two metallizations electrically separated from each other and provided on the surface of the PTC element for the introduction of current to the PTC element. The two metallizations are provided as strips formed over an entire longitudinal extension (L) of the PTC element on diagonally oppositely disposed surface sections of the PTC element.

A method for heating an electrical bus in an electrical cabinet containing at least one current conversion device includes determining a temperature inside of the electrical cabinet. The method also includes determining a temperature outside of the electrical cabinet. Further, the method includes applying heat to the electrical bus via conduction when the temperature outside of the electrical cabinet is below a predetermined temperature threshold or a difference between the temperature inside of the electrical cabinet and the temperature outside of the electrical cabinet is less than a desired temperature difference.

An ohmic heater for heating a food product, comprising: an inverter (3) comprising controlled switches (30); a pair (4) of electrodes that can be positioned in contact with the food product to be heated, said inverter (3) being operatively interposed between a rectifier (2) of the supply voltage and the pair (4) of electrodes; a transformer (6) located between the inverter (3) and the pair (4) of electrodes for regulating the amplitude of the voltage; means (7) for determining the continuous component of the current in a zone downstream of the inverter (3) and upstream or at the transformer (6); a system (800) for regulating the closing duration of the switches (30) of said inverter (3) that operates as a function of the means (7) for determining the continuous component by minimising/suppressing said continuous component.

The invention relates to a method for treating a food product by means of non-conventional resistive heating. The heating serves to treat sausage products in an intestine, such as Brhwurst (scalded sausage), hot dogs or similar food products. The respective food product is brought into contact with spaced-apart electrically conductive electrodes, wherein the electrodes are connected to a controllable power source. According to the invention, the electrodes are each in the form of at least one first and one second electrode group, wherein the electrode groups are at a distance A.sub.EG in relation to one another. Each electrode group has a number of individual electrodes, similar to a comb-like set of needles, wherein the neighboring individual electrodes of the comb-like set of needles are each at a distance A.sub.EE from one another. The distance A.sub.EG is greater than or at most equal to the distance A.sub.EE. The respective comb-like set of needles passes through the food product, wherein a punching process is realized in such a way that, based on the food product, inlet and outlet points of the comb-like set of needles, based on the encapsulation or sheathing, produce at least penetration points and the product being treated is accommodated in the space between two conveyor belts and the individual electrodes extend from at least one of the conveyor belts in the direction of the opposite conveyor belt.