This invention relates to a humidifier for a respiratory assistance device, a respiratory assistance device comprising a humidifier and related methods and apparatus. The invention particularly provides arrangements for generating vapour by impinging light on metallic and/or carbon based material, particularly in the form of nanoparticles.

Provided herein are systems, and methods configured to optimize a system for sequencing one or more nucleic acid samples.

Systems, devices, and methods are disclosed herein for ultraviolet saunas. Systems include a plurality of walls of an enclosure, the enclosure being a sauna enclosure configured to accommodate a user. The systems further include a plurality of heating elements coupled to the plurality of walls, a plurality of emissive elements configured to generate ultraviolet (UV) light, and a controller coupled to the plurality of heating elements and the plurality of emissive elements. The controller includes one or more processors configured to generate activation properties for each of the plurality of heating elements and the plurality of emissive elements, activate at least one of the plurality of heating elements based on the plurality of activation properties, and activate the at least one emissive element based on the plurality of activation properties.

An apparatus for a sauna includes a first and second heating element. The first heating element has a first conductive path and is coupled to pass a current. The second heating element has a second conductive path that runs adjacent to the first conductive path. The second heating element substantially blocks an electric field produced within the first heating element. The first conductive path is coupled to redirect the current to the second conductive path and set up complementary magnetic fields between the first and second heating elements.

An inline heating system including an inline heater including a heater element; a control unit configured to cause one of voltage or current to be applied to power the inline heater; and a current or voltage meter positioned and arranged to measure the other of current or voltage at the heater element due to the applied voltage or current, wherein the control unit is further configured to determine a heater element resistance using the applied voltage or current and the measured current or voltage as part of a no flow or low flow condition detection algorithm implemented by the control unit, wherein the voltage or current applied to power the inline heater is stopped if the no flow or low flow condition is detected.

An inline heating system for a dialysis machine is disclosed. In an example, the inline heating system includes an inline heater comprising a heater element. The inline heating system also includes a control unit configured to compare a rate of change in heater element resistance to a set maximum rate of change in heater element resistance as part of a no flow or low flow condition detection algorithm implemented by the control unit. Power applied to the inline heater is stopped when a no flow or low flow condition is detected using the no flow or low flow condition detection algorithm to prevent overheating of the inline heater.