Provided is a multi-shank heater to be mounted on a support substrate, wherein, with a normal direction relative to the support substrate, which is a direction from the heater side toward the support substrate side, as a basis, the multi-shank heater has U-shaped pieces in which an angle of a planar direction of the U-shaped pieces, which is a direction from the heater side toward the support substrate side, is 10 or more and 60 or less. An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-shank heater capable of considerably improving the energy output even when the U-shaped pieces are arranged in a high density and have the same pitch.

Provided is a multi-chamber type heating unit which occupies a small installation space and can effectively perform a heating process of a blank. The multi-chamber type heating unit to heat a blank comprises: a lower housing unit; an intermediate housing unit installed in an upper portion of the lower housing unit; and an upper housing unit installed in an upper portion of the intermediate housing unit. A plurality of intermediate housings are stacked to form the intermediate housing unit, and a heating unit to heat a blank is installed in each of the intermediate housings. Moreover, the intermediate housings are formed in the shape in which upper and lower portions thereof are opened, and an opening is formed in the front for a door to be inserted thereinto.

An air cavity package having a supplemental heat generator for generating heat and a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure within the air cavity package. The supplemental heat generator may be maintained at a constant or variable temperature. The supplemental heat generator may be selectively activated based on a predetermined parameter by a user or by a processor. The supplemental heat generator may be an RF and or other chip capable of generating heat or a conductive wire.

An air cavity package having a supplemental heat generator for generating heat and a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure within the air cavity package. The supplemental heat generator may be maintained at a constant or variable temperature. The supplemental heat generator may be selectively activated based on a predetermined parameter by a user or by a processor. The supplemental heat generator may be an RF and or other chip capable of generating heat or a conductive wire.

A heating device for an electric cooktop has at least one long heating conductor, one support body on the top side of which the heating conductor is arranged and fitted, and one supporting means for the support body. The heating conductor is designed as a corrugated flat strip which has, on its bottom side, holding elements which are arranged at a distance from one another and integrally project downward and are pushed into the support body. The supporting means supports the support body, at least in its outer region along an outer edge, at the bottom. The support body consists, as a thin plate, of compressed and adhesively bonded mica material, for example micanite, and is therefore electrically insulating and sufficiently stable.

A heating element comprising a metal ribbon coated with heat resistant coatings adapted to produce radiant heat rapidly and with higher efficiency than prior known heating elements.

A heating element comprising a metal ribbon coated with heat resistant coatings adapted to produce radiant heat rapidly and with higher efficiency than prior known heating elements.

A heating furnace includes a bolt inserted through an insertion hole in a part of a heater and further inserted into a hole on a tip surface of an electrode rod. A first washer is between a bearing surface of the bolt and one face of the heater. A second washer is between another face of the heater and the tip surface. The relation of: |L.sub.0.Math..sub.0(T.sub.H.Math..sub.H+T.sub.B.Math..sub.B+T.sub.E.Math..sub.E)|.Math.T0.15(T.sub.B+T.sub.E) is satisfied, where L.sub.0 is an interval between the bearing surface and the tip surface, .sub.0 is a linear expansion coefficient (LEC) of the bolt, T.sub.H, T.sub.B and T.sub.E are thicknesses of the part, first and second washers and .sub.H, .sub.B and .sub.E are their LECs, respectively, and T is a temperature increment quantity of a part where the heater and the electrode rod are fastened by the bolt.

A heating furnace includes a bolt inserted through an insertion hole in a part of a heater and further inserted into a hole on a tip surface of an electrode rod. A first washer is between a bearing surface of the bolt and one face of the heater. A second washer is between another face of the heater and the tip surface. The relation of: |L.sub.0.Math..sub.0(T.sub.H.Math..sub.H+T.sub.B.Math..sub.B+T.sub.E.Math..sub.E)|.Math.T0.15(T.sub.B+T.sub.E) is satisfied, where L.sub.0 is an interval between the bearing surface and the tip surface, .sub.0 is a linear expansion coefficient (LEC) of the bolt, T.sub.H, T.sub.B and T.sub.E are thicknesses of the part, first and second washers and .sub.H, .sub.B and .sub.E are their LECs, respectively, and T is a temperature increment quantity of a part where the heater and the electrode rod are fastened by the bolt.

A furnace heater includes a first conductive lead, a second conductive lead spaced apart from the first conductive lead by a first distance, and a first helical resistive heater element connected to the first conductive lead. The furnace heater also includes a second helical resistive heater element connected to the second conductive lead and to the first helical resistive heater element, the second helical resistive heater element spaced apart from the first helical resistive heater by a second distance, wherein the first distance is at least twice the second distance.