Heating systems utilizing radio frequency (RF) energy and methods for using the same to rapidly and uniformly heat packaged articles moving through the system on one or more convey lines. These systems may be useful for a variety of processes, including the pasteurization or sterilization of packaged foodstuffs.

A shisha system comprising an aerosol-generating article (90) and a shisha device (50). The aerosol-generating article (90) comprises an aerosol-forming substrate (92). The shisha system further comprises a first electrode (15) and a second electrode (16). The shisha device (50) comprises a liquid cavity (54) configured to contain a volume of liquid, the liquid cavity (54) having a head space outlet (60); an article cavity (14) configured to receive an aerosol-forming substrate (92), the article cavity (14) being in fluid communication with the liquid cavity (54). The shisha device further comprises an oscillation circuit (10) configured for connection to the first electrode (15) and the second electrode (16). The oscillation circuit (10) is configured to supply a radio frequency (RF) alternating voltage to the first electrode (15) and the second electrode (16), the RF voltage between the first electrode (15) and the second electrode (16) generating an alternating radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field between the first electrode (15) and the second electrode (16) for heating the aerosol-forming substrate (92) when the aerosol-generating article (90) is received in the article cavity (14).

A shisha system comprising an aerosol-generating article (90) and a shisha device (50). The aerosol-generating article (90) comprises an aerosol-forming substrate (92). The shisha system further comprises a first electrode (15) and a second electrode (16). The shisha device (50) comprises a liquid cavity (54) configured to contain a volume of liquid, the liquid cavity (54) having a head space outlet (60); an article cavity (14) configured to receive an aerosol-forming substrate (92), the article cavity (14) being in fluid communication with the liquid cavity (54). The shisha device further comprises an oscillation circuit (10) configured for connection to the first electrode (15) and the second electrode (16). The oscillation circuit (10) is configured to supply a radio frequency (RF) alternating voltage to the first electrode (15) and the second electrode (16), the RF voltage between the first electrode (15) and the second electrode (16) generating an alternating radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field between the first electrode (15) and the second electrode (16) for heating the aerosol-forming substrate (92) when the aerosol-generating article (90) is received in the article cavity (14).

A household PEF cooking device includes a cooking product container which can be filled with liquid and includes PEF electrodes which lie opposite one another and between which a cooking product can be introduced. A PEF signal generator applies PEF signals to the PEF electrodes, and a control device control the PEF signal generator. An IR sensor which measures contactlessly is disposed at a distance from the PEF electrodes and connected to the control device. A measuring dot of the IR sensor encompasses an outer face of an electrically conductive region of a wall of the cooking product container, which electrically conductive region can be contacted on an inner face by the liquid when the cooking product container is full.

A household PEF cooking device includes a cooking product container which can be filled with liquid and includes PEF electrodes which lie opposite one another and between which a cooking product can be introduced. A PEF signal generator applies PEF signals to the PEF electrodes, and a control device control the PEF signal generator. An IR sensor which measures contactlessly is disposed at a distance from the PEF electrodes and connected to the control device. A measuring dot of the IR sensor encompasses an outer face of an electrically conductive region of a wall of the cooking product container, which electrically conductive region can be contacted on an inner face by the liquid when the cooking product container is full.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a drying device disposed at a predetermined interval from a recording medium and including a heater configured to dry liquid applied to the recording medium with a high frequency wave. The heater includes a first electrode coupled to a power supply that outputs the high frequency wave and a second electrode coupled to the power supply that outputs the high frequency wave and disposed to be separated from the first electrode at a predetermined interval. The distance between the end of the first electrode and the recording medium is longer compared with the distance between the center of the first electrode and the recording medium.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a drying device disposed at a predetermined interval from a recording medium and including a heater configured to dry liquid applied to the recording medium with a high frequency wave. The heater includes a first electrode coupled to a power supply that outputs the high frequency wave and a second electrode coupled to the power supply that outputs the high frequency wave and disposed to be separated from the first electrode at a predetermined interval. The distance between the end of the first electrode and the recording medium is longer compared with the distance between the center of the first electrode and the recording medium.

A method for drying an article with a radio frequency (RF) applicator having anode elements and cathode elements includes capacitively coupling the anode elements, capacitively coupling the cathode elements, capacitively coupling an anode element to a cathode element, and energizing the RF applicator to generate an RF field between anode and cathode elements wherein liquid residing within the field will be dielectrically heated.

A method for drying an article with a radio frequency (RF) applicator having anode elements and cathode elements includes capacitively coupling the anode elements, capacitively coupling the cathode elements, capacitively coupling an anode element to a cathode element, and energizing the RF applicator to generate an RF field between anode and cathode elements wherein liquid residing within the field will be dielectrically heated.

A lossy dielectric heat source transducer or other transducer can be formed using a multi-layer substrate, such as can include a power layer (to receive an applied electromagnetic input signal), a polyurethane or other polymeric electromagnetic energy absorption layer, and a coupling layer therebetween. The absorption layer can be doped with carbon or another dopant material to increase electromagnetic energy absorption. The coupling layer can be doped with barium titanate or another dopant material to focus electromagnetic energy passing through the coupling layer toward the absorption layer. Frequency-selective addressing of particular transducers can include using a plurality of planar resonators, which can be configured to resonate at the same or different specified frequencies of the applied electromagnetic input. Such addressing of such frequency-sensitive structures can permit location-specific actuation of one or more transducers.