In order that it may be possible to form a strong-electric-field region at a level at which a electromagnetic waves are easily absorbed by an object to be heated 20 with low power in an electromagnetic-wave heating device 10 for heating the object to be heated 20 utilizing an electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic-wave heating device 10 comprises: an oscillator 21 for outputting an electromagnetic waves; and a radiation antenna 22 being a conductor that radiates the electromagnetic waves outputted from the oscillator 21 and having a resonance structure in which resonance occurs in the conductor by the electromagnetic waves in a frequency band transmitted from the oscillator 21, and is configured that a strong-electric-field region for heating the object to be heated is formed along the radiation antenna 22 by the electromagnetic waves supplied from the oscillator 21 to the radiation antenna 22.

Systems and apparatus are disclosed for mining the permafrost at the landing sites using radiant gas dynamic mining procedures. The systems can comprise a rover vehicle with an integrated large area dome for cryotrapping gases released from the surface and multi-wavelength radiant heating systems to provide adjustable heating as a function of depth. Various antenna arrays and configurations are disclosed, some of which can cooperate for a specific aiming or targeting effect.

A solid-state radio frequency (SSRF) water heating apparatus is disclosed. In embodiments, the SSRF water heater includes a water tank, SSRF generator array and RF sensors enclosed within an RF-shielded cage. The SSRF array synthesizes RF signals in the microwave range and transmits the RF energy through the water tank, exciting and heating the water molecules without direct contact. The RF sensors at the opposite end of the tank sense residual RF energy not absorbed by the water. Control processors regulate the generation and transmission of the RF energy based on the sensed residual energy. The heated water and/or generated steam is piped to hot water dispensers, beverage makers, or steam ovens.

A solid-state radio frequency (SSRF) water heating apparatus is disclosed. In embodiments, the SSRF water heater includes a water tank, SSRF generator array and RF sensors enclosed within an RF-shielded cage. The SSRF array synthesizes RF signals in the microwave range and transmits the RF energy through the water tank, exciting and heating the water molecules without direct contact. The RF sensors at the opposite end of the tank sense residual RF energy not absorbed by the water. Control processors regulate the generation and transmission of the RF energy based on the sensed residual energy. The heated water and/or generated steam is piped to hot water dispensers, beverage makers, or steam ovens.

An RF generation system is provided for an electromagnetic cooking device having a cavity. The system includes: a signal generator for generating an input RF signal; an RF feed configured to introduce electromagnetic radiation into the cavity and to receive reflected electromagnetic radiation from the cavity; and a high-power amplifier coupled between the signal generator and the RF feed. The high-power amplifier including an amplifying stage configured to output a signal that is amplified in power, and a circulator for directing the amplified output signal to the RF feed and for redirecting any reflected radiation received from the RF feed to a dummy load. The system further includes a hardware protection component for detecting backward power in the reflected radiation and for reducing power supplied to the amplifying stage if the backward power exceeds a power threshold within a time scale that prevents damage to the circulator.

An RF generation system is provided for an electromagnetic cooking device having a cavity. The system includes: a signal generator for generating an input RF signal; an RF feed configured to introduce electromagnetic radiation into the cavity and to receive reflected electromagnetic radiation from the cavity; and a high-power amplifier coupled between the signal generator and the RF feed. The high-power amplifier including an amplifying stage configured to output a signal that is amplified in power, and a circulator for directing the amplified output signal to the RF feed and for redirecting any reflected radiation received from the RF feed to a dummy load. The system further includes a hardware protection component for detecting backward power in the reflected radiation and for reducing power supplied to the amplifying stage if the backward power exceeds a power threshold within a time scale that prevents damage to the circulator.

A viewing panel (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) for a domestic appliance includes a substrate (33, 43, 53, 63, 73, 83) and a conductive layer (35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85) disposed on the substrate; the conductive layer having conductive lines (31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81) forming a pattern. The substrate contains a polymeric material; the conductive lines have a height (H) of 0.5 micrometers to 10 micrometers determined by an Olympus MX61 microscope; and the pattern has an average pore area of 0.008 square millimeters to 0.06 square millimeters determined by an Olympus MX61 microscope. The viewing panel has: a total transmission of greater than 70% of light having a wavelength in the range of 360 nanometers to 750 nanometers; and an electromagnetic shielding efficiency of greater than 30 dB at 2.45 GHz.

In an aspect, a ferrite composition comprises a BiRuCo-M-type ferrite having the formula Me.sub.1-xBi.sub.xCo.sub.yRu.sub.zFe.sub.12-tO.sub.19, wherein Me is at least one of Sr, Pb, or Ba; x is 0.01 to 0.5; y is 0.1 to 2; z is 0 to 4, and t is 0 to 4; wherein the Co can be at least partially replaced by at least one of Zn, Cu, or Mg by an amount of less than y, and the Ru can be at least partially replaced by at least one of Ti, Sn, or Zr, where the substitution amount is not more than z or is less than z.

In an aspect, a ferrite composition comprises a BiRuCo-M-type ferrite having the formula Me.sub.1-xBi.sub.xCo.sub.yRu.sub.zFe.sub.12-tO.sub.19, wherein Me is at least one of Sr, Pb, or Ba; x is 0.01 to 0.5; y is 0.1 to 2; z is 0 to 4, and t is 0 to 4; wherein the Co can be at least partially replaced by at least one of Zn, Cu, or Mg by an amount of less than y, and the Ru can be at least partially replaced by at least one of Ti, Sn, or Zr, where the substitution amount is not more than z or is less than z.

Systems and methods for eliminating carbon dioxide and capturing solid carbon are disclosed. By eliminating carbon dioxide gas, e.g., from an effluent exhaust stream of a fossil fuel fired electric power production facility, the inventive concepts presented herein represent an environmentally-clean solution that permanently eliminates greenhouse gases while at the same time producing captured solid carbon products that are useful in various applications including advanced composite material synthesis (e.g., carbon fiber, 3D graphene) and energy storage (e.g., battery technology). Capture of solid carbon during the disclosed process for eliminating greenhouse gasses avoids the inefficiencies and risks associated with conventional carbon dioxide sequestration. Colocation of the disclosed reactor with a fossil fuel fired power production facility brings to bear an environmentally beneficial, and financially viable approach for permanently capturing vast amounts of solid carbon from carbon dioxide gas and other greenhouse gases that would otherwise be released into Earth's biosphere.