A method and system for doping semiconductor materials using microwave exposure. In some embodiments, the surface of a semiconductor substrate coated with a layer of dopant material is exposed to a beam of microwave radiation, with the frequency of the microwave radiation chosen to coincide with a microwave absorption resonance of the dopant. A gyrotron is a preferred source of monochromatic microwaves capable of delivering the appropriate the power density. Under this microwave exposure, the dopant heats up and diffuses into the semiconductor. Since only the dopant is selectively excited, the atoms of the crystal lattice remain cooler. Additional cooling can be provided by a flow of cooling gas onto the surface. When the electric field of the microwave exposure is high enough to overcome the potential barrier of interstitial diffusion within the crystal, the dopants migrate to vacancies in the crystal lattice, and the semiconductor material becomes activated.

A method for processing articles using a microwave heating system includes obtaining an operating profile for heating a type of article using the microwave heating system. The operating profile includes a temperature-time profile for a target F.sub.0 value and a group of set point values for achieving the temperature-time profile, the group of set point values including a target for a control parameter of the microwave heating system. Using a control system operatively coupled to the microwave heating system, the microwave heating system is operated in accordance with the group of set point values such that each of the articles achieves an F.sub.0 value that is greater than or equal to the target F.sub.0 value.

A method for processing articles using a microwave heating system includes obtaining an operating profile for heating a type of article using the microwave heating system. The operating profile includes a temperature-time profile for a target F.sub.0 value and a group of set point values for achieving the temperature-time profile, the group of set point values including a target for a control parameter of the microwave heating system. Using a control system operatively coupled to the microwave heating system, the microwave heating system is operated in accordance with the group of set point values such that each of the articles achieves an F.sub.0 value that is greater than or equal to the target F.sub.0 value.

Heating systems utilizing radio frequency (RF) energy and methods for using the same to rapidly and uniformly heat packaged articles moving through the system on one or more convey lines. These systems may be useful for a variety of processes, including the pasteurization or sterilization of packaged foodstuffs.

The present invention relates to a microwave melting apparatus and system for investment casting the metals obtained therefrom. In addition to enhanced production capacity, the system allows for the use of both a broad range of metal alloys and a variety of forms including ingot, scrap, granulated and powdered metals not possible with induction systems generally.

The present invention relates to a microwave melting apparatus and system for investment casting the metals obtained therefrom. In addition to enhanced production capacity, the system allows for the use of both a broad range of metal alloys and a variety of forms including ingot, scrap, granulated and powdered metals not possible with induction systems generally.

In a method for producing tablets for extraction of a liquid food product, a plurality of dosed amounts of a moistened powder ingredient are loaded into respective forming cavities of a multi-cavity forming device, the multi-cavity forming device is then introduced into a multimode cavity of a microwave oven, and thereafter the multi-cavity forming device is removed from the multimode cavity. The multimode cavity is prearranged in such a way that an irradiation of the microwaves thereinto causes heating of all dosed amounts of the ingredient in the respective forming cavities of the multi-cavity forming device, to form simultaneously a plurality of tablets each having a self-supporting structure.

In a method for producing tablets for extraction of a liquid food product, a plurality of dosed amounts of a moistened powder ingredient are loaded into respective forming cavities of a multi-cavity forming device, the multi-cavity forming device is then introduced into a multimode cavity of a microwave oven, and thereafter the multi-cavity forming device is removed from the multimode cavity. The multimode cavity is prearranged in such a way that an irradiation of the microwaves thereinto causes heating of all dosed amounts of the ingredient in the respective forming cavities of the multi-cavity forming device, to form simultaneously a plurality of tablets each having a self-supporting structure.

In a method for producing tablets for extraction of a liquid food product, dosed and moistened amounts of a powder ingredient are heated while contained in respective confined volumes. The method comprises the steps of: providing the ingredient in powder form; loading dosed amount of the powder ingredient into respective forming cavities; moistening each dosed amount of the powder ingredient, only at a surface layer thereof, and heating the dosed and moistened amount of the ingredient while contained in the respective forming cavity.

In a method for producing tablets for extraction of a liquid food product, dosed and moistened amounts of a powder ingredient are heated while contained in respective confined volumes. The method comprises the steps of: providing the ingredient in powder form; loading dosed amount of the powder ingredient into respective forming cavities; moistening each dosed amount of the powder ingredient, only at a surface layer thereof, and heating the dosed and moistened amount of the ingredient while contained in the respective forming cavity.