An inline thermal treatment system for thermally treating a continuous product includes a gas supply system configured to supply a first gas flow and a power source configured to supply power. The system includes a plasma torch configured to receive the first gas flow from the gas supply system and power from the power source to form a plasma arc, wherein the plasma arc heats a portion of the continuous product disposed near the plasma arc.

Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

The present disclosure provides a metallurgical electric furnace, and a smelting method for the metallurgical electric furnace. The metallurgical electric furnace includes a furnace body, an oxygen lance and a coal lance, wherein the furnace body is provided with a furnace chamber; the oxygen lance is located on a side wall of the furnace chamber and is used for blowing oxygen into the slag promoting the smelting process, and the outlet of the oxygen lance is higher than the slag; and the coal lance is located on the side wall of the furnace chamber beside the oxygen lance and is used for spraying coal into the slag, and the outlet of the coal lance is higher than the slag.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatuses for adding thermal energy to a glass melt. Apparatuses for generating a thermal plasma disclosed herein comprise an electrode, a grounded electrode, a dielectric plasma confinement vessel extending between the two electrodes, and a magnetic field generator extending around the dielectric plasma confinement vessel. Also disclosed herein are methods for fining molten glass comprising generating a thermal plasma using the apparatuses disclosed herein and contacting the molten glass with the thermal plasma. Glass structures produced according to these methods are also disclosed herein.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatuses for adding thermal energy to a glass melt. Apparatuses for generating a thermal plasma disclosed herein comprise an electrode, a grounded electrode, a dielectric plasma confinement vessel extending between the two electrodes, and a magnetic field generator extending around the dielectric plasma confinement vessel. Also disclosed herein are methods for fining molten glass comprising generating a thermal plasma using the apparatuses disclosed herein and contacting the molten glass with the thermal plasma. Glass structures produced according to these methods are also disclosed herein.

Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

A DC plasma arc furnace, a method of co-processing waste and metal, a method of producing energy by processing material using the furnace, and the products produced by the furnace are provided. Metal may be efficiently processed by the furnace via an increased organic content in other feedstock fed into the furnace.

A DC plasma arc furnace, a method of co-processing waste and metal, a method of producing energy by processing material using the furnace, and the products produced by the furnace are provided. Metal may be efficiently processed by the furnace via an increased organic content in other feedstock fed into the furnace.

A plasma stove includes a carrier, an electric fire assembly, an electric control device, and an electrical connecting assembly. The carrier includes a housing and a support platform on a top surface of the housing. The electric fire assembly includes a plasma needle, an electrode tip connected to the plasma needle, and an ignition head. The plasma needle and the ignition head are arranged on the housing and in the support platform. The electric control device includes a circuit board and a step-up transformer electrically connected to the circuit board, and the circuit board and the step-up transformer are arranged in the housing. The plasma needle and the ignition head are electrically connected to the circuit board directly or indirectly through the electrical connecting assembly.

A plasma stove includes a carrier, an electric fire assembly, an electric control device, and an electrical connecting assembly. The carrier includes a housing and a support platform on a top surface of the housing. The electric fire assembly includes a plasma needle, an electrode tip connected to the plasma needle, and an ignition head. The plasma needle and the ignition head are arranged on the housing and in the support platform. The electric control device includes a circuit board and a step-up transformer electrically connected to the circuit board, and the circuit board and the step-up transformer are arranged in the housing. The plasma needle and the ignition head are electrically connected to the circuit board directly or indirectly through the electrical connecting assembly.