The invention provides an interconnected string of three LED modules, having internal and external connections such that each LED in the string is fully individually addressable. LED biases and interconnects are oriented and configured such that individual addressability is achieved without the need for direct external signal connections to each LED in the string. Consequently embodiments are provided comprising pluralities of strings, arranged so as to form an array of LED modules, wherein wiring tracks running beneath, or along the intermediary spaces between, rows of LEDs are not required. Hence are provided LED devices comprising an array of individually addressable LED modules, having reduced spacing between rows and columns, and having optimal thermal path perpendicularly across the substrate layer. Provided devices have improved heat dissipation and greater achievable LED array density. Also provided are embodiments comprising one or more lens arrangements, suitable, for example, for adaptive beam-shaping applications.

The invention provides an interconnected string of three LED modules, having internal and external connections such that each LED in the string is fully individually addressable. LED biases and interconnects are oriented and configured such that individual addressability is achieved without the need for direct external signal connections to each LED in the string. Consequently embodiments are provided comprising pluralities of strings, arranged so as to form an array of LED modules, wherein wiring tracks running beneath, or along the intermediary spaces between, rows of LEDs are not required. Hence are provided LED devices comprising an array of individually addressable LED modules, having reduced spacing between rows and columns, and having optimal thermal path perpendicularly across the substrate layer. Provided devices have improved heat dissipation and greater achievable LED array density. Also provided are embodiments comprising one or more lens arrangements, suitable, for example, for adaptive beam-shaping applications.

A display device includes the following: a resin substrate; a TFT layer disposed on the resin substrate, the TFT layer having a stack of, in sequence, a base coat film, a semiconductor film, a gate insulating film, a first metal film, an interlayer insulating film, a second metal film, and a flattening film; a light-emitting element disposed on the TFT layer and forming a display region; and a plurality of TFTs disposed in the TFT layer in the display region. The base coat film includes an amorphous silicon film disposed at least all over the display region.

The optical communication system includes a transmitter including a display panel which has a curved surface and is capable of emitting light, and a transmission controller which causes the display panel to emit light representing an information signal; and a receiver including an image sensor which receives the light emitted from the display panel, and a reception controller which extracts the information signal from the light received by the image sensor. The display panel may be a transparent display panel which allows background light to pass through.

A display device includes a flexible substrate, and a display region having a plurality of pixels on the flexible substrate. The substrate includes a resin layer, a first inorganic insulating layer provided on the first resin layer, and a second resin layer provided on the first insulating layer. A thickness of the second resin layer is larger than a thickness of the first resin layer, and the first resin layer is a resin layer baked at a higher baking temperature than the second resin layer.

An anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is disclosed. In one approach, the ACF includes a non-reflective adhesive layer including a top surface, a plurality of conductive particles included with the non-reflective adhesive layer, and a reflective adhesive layer disposed along the top surface of the non-reflective adhesive layer.

An electrical circuit is described for detection of an electrical hazard condition of a load 20, in particular of an OLED lighting element comprising driving terminals A, C. An electrical hazard condition, such as an overvoltage or short circuit is to be detected between terminals 22a, 22b of the circuit. A disabling element 24 is connected to one of the terminals 22a, 22b to disable the load. A monitoring circuit is connected to monitor a voltage V or current magnitude at at least one of the terminals 22a, 22b. The monitoring circuit comprises a maximum or minimum value detector 26 to deliver a maximum or minimum value V.sub.max of the voltage or current magnitude over time. The monitoring circuit is disposed to monitor the maximum or minimum value V.sub.max to detect the electrical hazard condition. A monitoring circuit is connected to activate the disabling element 24 if an electrical hazard condition is detected. The electrical circuit, a lighting arrangement including an LED or OLED lighting element and the electrical circuit, and a detection method allows to operate a load with different types of power supply, in particular also by PWM.

A light apparatus for generating a mixed light output. The light apparatus includes multiple LED modules. Each LED module includes multiple LED regions. The multiple LED regions have separate electrodes. The multiple LED regions share the same package housing but at least two LED regions are covered with different fluorescent layers for emitting lights with different optical characteristics.

A light apparatus for generating a mixed light output. The light apparatus includes multiple LED modules. Each LED module includes multiple LED regions. The multiple LED regions have separate electrodes. The multiple LED regions share the same package housing but at least two LED regions are covered with different fluorescent layers for emitting lights with different optical characteristics.

There is provided a flexible display having a new wire structure and a new insulating layer structure. A flexible display includes a flexible substrate having a first area and a second area. The second area is curved in a non-zero angle relative to the plane of the first area. The flexible display further includes a plurality of wires that extend over from the first area to the second area of the flexible substrate. Each of the wires is covered by an upper insulating pattern, which is separated from other upper insulating pattern. Each upper insulating pattern covering the wire has substantially the same trace pattern shape of the corresponding wire thereunder. Accordingly, by adopting the above-described wire structure and upper insulating layer structure, crack generation and propagation in the wires and the insulating layers from bending of the flexible display can be minimized.