An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent element containing an organic layer interposed between an anode and a cathode, the organic layer containing at least one light emitting layer, wherein the at least one light emitting layer contains a n-conjugated compound having an electron donor portion and an electron acceptor portion in the molecule; the n-conjugated compound has a direction vector from an atom having a HOMO orbital in the electron donor portion to an electron cloud of the HOMO orbital, and a direction vector from an atom having a LUMO orbital in the electron acceptor portion to an electron cloud of the LUMO orbital, and the two direction vectors form an angle θ in the range of 90 to 180 degrees; and the n-conjugated compound has a plurality of the electron donor portions or a plurality of the electron acceptor portions.

A dual host system for OLEDs that contains hole-transporting indolocarbazole and electron-transporting indolocarbazole exhibiting superior performance in the OLEDs is disclosed.

The present invention relates to certain fluorenes, to the use of the compounds in an electronic device, and to an electronic device comprising at least one of these compounds. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the compounds and to a formulation and composition comprising one or more of the compounds.

The present invention relates to certain fluorenes, to the use of the compounds in an electronic device, and to an electronic device comprising at least one of these compounds. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the compounds and to a formulation and composition comprising one or more of the compounds.

An ink composition, including a quantum dot; a metal catalyst; an aromatic halide compound; an ene compound including at least one C—H moiety and a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond; and optionally, a metal oxide particle, wherein the metal catalyst is a metal salt, a metal coordination complex, or a combination thereof, wherein the metal catalyst comprises a metal that is palladium, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, iron, cobalt, chromium, copper, platinum, silver, gold, or a combination thereof.

A compound and an organic optoelectronic device are provided. The compound has the chemical formula (I):

##STR00001##

In the chemical formula (I): Ar is selected from N-substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6 to C.sub.30 aryl; m denotes a positive integer and 1≦m≦8, n denotes a positive integer and 1≦n≦8, and A.sub.1 is selected from chemical groups of the following chemical formula (II):

##STR00002##

In the chemical formula (II): R1 to R.sub.S are independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 heteroatom-substituted alkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.30 aryl, and C.sub.2 to C.sub.30 heteroaryl. X is selected from O, S, substituted or unsubstituted imino, substituted or unsubstituted methylene, and substituted or unsubstituted silylene, and a substituent is selected from hydrogen, deuterium, C.sub.1 to C.sub.30 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.50 heteroatom-substituted alkyl, C.sub.6 to C30 aryl, and C.sub.2 to C.sub.30 heteroaryl.

Provided is a polymer compound useful for production of a light emitting device excellent in external quantum yield. The polymer compound includes a constitutional unit represented by the formula (1):

##STR00001##

wherein a.sup.1 and a.sup.2 represent 0 or 1, Ar.sup.A1 and Ar.sup.A3 represent an arylene group or the like, and in each of Ar.sup.A1 and Ar.sup.A3 at least one atom adjacent to an atom forming a bond to the constitutional unit adjacent to the each of Ar.sup.A1 and Ar.sup.A3 has an alkyl group or the like as a substituent, Ar.sup.A2 represents a phenylene group, Ar.sup.A4 represents an arylene group or the like, R.sup.A1, R.sup.A2 and R.sup.A3 represent an aryl group or the like, and when a.sup.2 is 0, R.sup.A1 represents an aryl group in which two or more rings are condensed (the number of carbon atoms constituting the rings of the aryl group is 10 or more) or the like.

The objective of the present invention is to provide: a compound capable of ensuring high light-emitting efficiency and low driving voltage of an element, and increasing the lifespan thereof; an organic electrical element using compound; and an electronic device comprising the same.

The disclosed graphene quantum dot composite includes a dielectric matrix including a metal oxynitride, and a graphene quantum dot dispersed in the dielectric matrix. The graphene quantum dot composite can reduce the aggregation-caused photoluminescence quenching of graphene quantum dots, and can improve a photoluminescence quantum yields of a graphene quantum dot.

Provided is a light-emitting element including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light-emitting layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The light-emitting layer includes quantum dots and a first polysilsesquioxane having electrical conductivity.