Surge protective devices having surge protective and overvoltage protection capability are provided. In one example embodiment, the surge protective device can include a surge protection circuit. The surge protection device can include an overvoltage protection circuit coupled in series with the surge protection circuit. The overvoltage protection circuit can include a voltage sensing circuit associated with a voltage threshold, one or more switching elements, and/or a gating circuit coupled to the voltage sensing circuit. The gating circuit can be configured to control the one or more switching elements to be in a non-conducting state when the voltage sensing circuit detects a voltage that exceeds the voltage threshold.

A load control device for controlling the intensity of a lighting load, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) light source, may include a power converter circuit operable to receive a rectified AC voltage and to generate a DC bus voltage, a load regulation circuit operable to receive the bus voltage and to control the magnitude of a load current conducted through the lighting load, and a control circuit operatively coupled to the load regulation circuit for pulse width modulating or pulse frequency modulating the load current to control the intensity of the lighting load to a target intensity. The control circuit may control the intensity of the lighting load by pulse width modulating the load current when the target intensity is above a predetermined threshold and control the intensity of the lighting load by pulse frequency modulating the load current when the target intensity is below the predetermined threshold.

LED related lighting methods and apparatus are described. Various features relate to water tight light fixtures. Some of the fixtures are spotlights while other fixture are intended for in ground use. The light fixtures in at least some embodiments include power control features. In spotlight embodiments beam angle and power or light output can be controlled without opening the light assembly or compromising the water tight seals which also protect against dirt. In ground embodiments support tilt angle setting which allow a user to set the light fixture to one or more tilt angles. Beam angle can also be changed in some embodiments as well as power control. Beam angle, power control and tilt angle adjustments are supported in some embodiments but need not be supported in all embodiments with some embodiments using one or more of the described features but not all features.

Methods and apparatus for implementing a control apparatus for a light fixture for externally controlling the current to the LED light emitter of a landscape LED light fixture. In an exemplary embodiment a control apparatus for controlling current to an LED light source in a landscape lighting device includes an LED driver, a user control with a control setting indicator, and a driver housing including setting indicators.

A MOSFET circuit clamps a MOSFET gate voltage (either directly or via a gate control circuit) when the source voltage exceeds a threshold level, for example in response to a voltage surge event between the source and drain. In particular, the gate is held at a voltage relative to the source, to turn off the first MOSFET during such a surge event, but not during normal operation. This provides automatic protection against unwanted increases in the input voltage, especially when the MOSFET was in its on state during the switching. A threshold circuit is connected between a gate (or gate control node) and a reference voltage. When the voltage at the source exceeds a voltage threshold level, it conduct a unidirectional circuit component (D18) between the source and gate (or gate control node), and the threshold circuit.

A driving device includes an output terminal to output a first control signal, and input terminals configured to be connected respectively with a corresponding terminal of light emitting elements driven by a voltage generated based on the first control signal. A constant-current driver is connected to each of the input terminals, and a control portion is configured to generate a pulse signal based on a signal which is input from the input terminals. An open detection portion is connected with each of the input terminals and configured to determine a connection state of the light emitting elements based on a signal that is input into the input terminals. A current set terminal is configured to be connected to a first resistor, and an over voltage protection circuit is configured to be coupled to a potential between a second resistor and a third resistor. The driving device is configured such that a second control signal is provided based on a resistance of the first resistor, and current of the constant-current driver is decided based on the second control signal, and an output signal from the over voltage protection circuit is provided to the control portion.

System and method for regulating one or more currents. The system includes a system controller, an inductor, a first resistor, a switch and a first diode. The system controller includes a first controller terminal and a ground terminal, the system controller being configured to output a drive signal at the first controller terminal. The inductor includes a first inductor terminal and a second inductor terminal, the first inductor terminal being coupled to the ground terminal, the second inductor terminal being coupled to one or more light emitting diodes. The first resistor includes a first resistor terminal and a second resistor terminal, the first resistor terminal being coupled to the ground terminal. The switch is configured to receive the drive signal and coupled to the second resistor terminal. The first diode includes a first diode terminal and a second diode terminal and coupled to the first resistor.

LED related lighting methods and apparatus are described. Various features relate to water tight light fixtures. Some of the fixtures are spotlights while other fixture are intended for in ground use. The light fixtures in at least some embodiments include power control features. In spotlight embodiments beam angle and power or light output can be controlled without opening the light assembly or compromising the water tight seals which also protect against dirt. In ground embodiments support tilt angle setting which allow a user to set the light fixture to one or more tilt angles. Beam angle can also be changed in some embodiments as well as power control. Beam angle, power control and tilt angle adjustments are supported in some embodiments but need not be supported in all embodiments with some embodiments using one or more of the described features but not all features.

LED related lighting methods and apparatus are described. Various features relate to water tight light fixtures. Some of the fixtures are spotlights while other fixture are intended for in ground use. The light fixtures in at least some embodiments include power control features. In spotlight embodiments beam angle and power or light output can be controlled without opening the light assembly or compromising the water tight seals which also protect against dirt. In ground embodiments support tilt angle setting which allow a user to set the light fixture to one or more tilt angles. Beam angle can also be changed in some embodiments as well as power control. Beam angle, power control and tilt angle adjustments are supported in some embodiments but need not be supported in all embodiments with some embodiments using one or more of the described features but not all features.

An input connection part having a first connection part and a second connection part, an anti-surge circuit having a first varistor and a second varistor which are connected in series so as to connect the first connection part and the second connection part, and a lightning arrester device connecting a connection point of the first varistor and the second varistor and a grounding connection part, and a power supply circuit connected to the anti-surge circuit are provided, wherein capacitances of the first varistor and the second varistor are any values from a value of 1.6 times a nominal capacitance of the first varistor and the second varistor to a value of 0.4 times the nominal capacitance.