A method for irradiating a planning target volume with charged particles includes delivering the charged particles to the planning target volume with a charged particle therapy system including a charged particle beam path and a gantry configured to rotate about the planning target volume and to direct the charged particle beam path; rotating the gantry, during an irradiation session, to a plurality of positions; during the rotation, irradiating the planning target volume with the charged particles at a first energy level at one or more of the plurality of positions.

An example particle therapy system may include: a synchrocyclotron to produce a particle beam; a scanner to move the particle beam in one or more dimensions relative to an irradiation target; and an energy degrader that is between the scanner and the irradiation target. The energy degrader may include multiple plates that are movable relative to a path of the particle beam, with the multiple plates each being controllable to move while in the path of the particle beam and during movement of the particle beam. An aperture may be between the energy degrader and the irradiation target. The aperture being may be to trim the particle beam prior to the particle beam reaching the irradiation target.

An example particle therapy system includes: a particle accelerator to output a beam of charged particles; and a scanning system to scan the beam across at least part of an irradiation target. An example scanning system includes: a scanning magnet to move the beam during scanning; and a control system (i) to control the scanning magnet to produce uninterrupted movement of the beam over at least part of a depth-wise layer of the irradiation target so as to deliver doses of charged particles to the irradiation target; and (ii) to determine, in synchronism with delivery of a dose, information identifying the dose actually delivered at different positions along the depth-wise layer.

In a beam transport system, based on a beam temporal-variation related amount that has been calculated by a beam analyzer and that is a beam-position temporal variation amount or a beam diameter at a beam profile monitor, an optical parameter calculator calculates a start-point momentum dispersion function that is a momentum dispersion function (, ) of a charged particle beam at a start point in design of the beam transport system that is set on a beam trajectory of the accelerator; and calculates optical parameters using, as an initial condition, the start-point momentum dispersion function and a beginning condition at an irradiation position at the time of detecting profile data.

A deflection plate for deflecting charged particles, the plate comprising a recess is provided.

There is provided a circular accelerator that accelerates a beam of charged particles circulating in a magnetic field such that a closed orbit for each energy of the beam is eccentric. The circular accelerator includes a beam extraction port for extracting beams of different energies from the closed orbit, a first bending magnet and a second bending magnet that bend the beam extracted from the beam extraction port, and a control unit that controls magnetic field strengths of the first bending magnet and the second bending magnet in accordance with the energy of the extracted beam. When the energy of the extracted beam is a designed maximum energy of the circular accelerator, the control unit excites both the first bending magnet and the second bending magnet to bend the beam.

Methods and systems for electron beam assisted fused deposition modeling can include a particle accelerator configured to generate a particle beam, a shield cone and a magnet configured to direct the particle beam in the shield cone forming a beam extraction assembly configured to direct the terminal position of the particle beam on filament deposited by an additive manufacturing system, and a control system for controlling the beam spot location of the particle beam on the filament, such that the particle accelerator delivers a dose of irradiation along the build path according to the assigned irradiation value with the particle beam.

A volume interrogation system can use an accelerated beam of charged particles to interrogate objects using charged-particle attenuation and scattering tomography to screen items such as portable electronic devices, packages, baggage, industrial products, or food products for the presence of materials of interest inside. The exemplary systems and methods in this patent document can be employed in checkpoint applications to scan items. Such checkpoint applications can include border crossings, mass transit terminals (subways, buses, railways, ferries, etc.), and government and private-sector facilities.

Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to selecting a raster profile for scanning a proton beam across a target. A raster profile is selected from among the plurality of plurality of possible raster profiles based on a value of a figure of merit. A beam is directed across the target surface to form a pattern that is repeated one or more times at different radial orientations to form a scanning profile. A target temperature is monitored while scanning the beam across the target surface according to the scanning profile. The scanning parameters are changeable to avoid target damaging, to improve thermal performance and to optimize particle loading.

A particle beam apparatus includes: a transport route that guides a particle beam for irradiating an irradiation target to an irradiator; a beam adjustment unit that adjusts a beam size and a beam position of the particle beam; a calculation unit; a storage unit; and an optimization processing unit that searches for a parameter candidate value of the beam adjustment unit, in which the calculation unit adjusts the beam adjustment unit by using the parameter candidate value searched by the optimization processing unit.