An accelerator (30, 40, 50) includes: a plurality of acceleration cavities (31, 41, 51) having one or two acceleration gaps; and a plurality of first control means (33, 43, 53) provided with respect to each of the plurality of acceleration cavities, each of the plurality of first control means independently generating an oscillating electric field and controlling a motion of an ion beam inside a corresponding acceleration cavity. In addition, M-number of multipole magnets (32, 42, 52) which generate a magnetic field and which control a motion of an ion beam may be provided downstream to N-number of acceleration cavities. The first control means independently controls acceleration voltage and a phase thereof and supplies radiofrequency power. Accordingly, particularly in a front stage of acceleration, a DC beam from an ion generation source can be adiabatically captured.

Disclosed embodiments include an electron accelerator, having a resonant cavity having an outer conductor and an inner conductor; an electron source configured to generate and to inject a beam of electrons transversally into the resonant cavity; a radio frequency (RF) source coupled to the resonant cavity and configured to: energize the resonant cavity with an RF power at a nominal RF frequency, and generate an electric field into said resonant cavity that accelerates the electrons of the electron beam a plurality of times into the cavity and according to successive and different transversal trajectories; and at least one deflecting magnet configured to bend back the electron beam that emerges out of the cavity and to redirect the electron beam towards the cavity.

A linac-based X-ray system for cargo scanning and imaging applications uses linac design, RF power control, beam current control, and beam current pulse duration control to provide stable sequences of pulses having different energy levels or different doses.

A hybrid linear accelerator is disclosed comprising a standing wave linear accelerator section (“SW section”) followed by a travelling wave linear accelerator section (“TW section”). In one example, RF power is provided to the TW section and power not used by the TW section is provided to the SW section via a waveguide. An RF switch, an RF phase adjuster, and/or an RF power adjuster is provided along the waveguide to change the energy and/or phase of the RF power provided to the SW section. In another example, RF power is provided to both the SW section and the TW section, and RF power not used by the TW section is provided to the SW section, via an RF switch, an RF phase adjuster, and/or an RF power. In another example, an RF load is matched to the output of the TW section by an RF switch.

A Hybrid (SW+TW) Linear Acellerator is disclosed having high beam efficiency and broad energy regulation that is useful for security inspection, non-destructive testing, radiotherapy, and electron beam irradiation of objects. The Hybrid Linear Accelerator (LINAC) provides superior energy regulation, and includes a reversed RF power distribution which substantially improves RF power utilization, thereby eliminating need for an output RF load, and ensuring broad electron beam energy regulation operating in a broad range of input RF power, thereby efficiently running at a variety of input electron beam current intensities at high efficiency. The Hybrid LINAC may be equipped with a fast and/or slow phase shifter and/or a power regulator having a phase shifter and a current regulator, while operating much more efficiently than known LINACS. The Hybrid LINAC permits efficient operation without an external magnetic field, thereby avoiding use of a power-consuming solenoid, consequently reducing cost of production, operation, and maintenance.

A device for generating soft x-rays includes an electron source configured to generate an electron beam comprising electron micro-bunches; an electron accelerator configured to accelerate the electron micro-bunches from the electron source; and a laser configured to generate a laser beam (536) colliding with the accelerated electron micro-bunches (534) in a counterpropagating direction to generate the soft x-rays by inverse Compton scattering. The electron source has a magneto-optical trap configured to produce an ultracold atomic gas; two counterpropagating excitation laser beams configured to produce a standing wave for inducing a periodic spatial modulation of the ultracold atomic gas along a beam propagation direction; and an ionization laser configured to induce photo-ionization of the ultracold atomic gas.

An apparatus for generating electromagnetic waves is envisaged relating to the field of electromagnetic wave generating systems. The apparatus provides efficient radio frequency amplification, facilitates low loss electromagnetic generation, enables efficient utilization of kinetic energy of electrons, and works for different radio frequencies. The apparatus comprises an evacuated envelope, a pair of metal plates, a resonator, an electron gun, a magnetic field generator, and a pick-up loop. The evacuated envelope defines a space therewithin. The pair of metal plates defines a passage therebetween. The resonator is coupled to the pair of metal plates. The electron gun emits controlled bursts of electrons into the passage. The magnetic field generator is configured to generate electromagnetic waves. The pick-up loop extracts the generated electromagnetic waves.

There is provided a particle accelerator comprising a waveguide for accelerating electrons along an acceleration path and a magnetron configured to supply a radiofrequency electromagnetic field to the waveguide. An oscilloscope is connected to the magnetron and configured to provide signals indicative of the magnetron output. A processor is configured to receive signals from the oscilloscope and to send data to a central server.

A radio frequency electron accelerator structure for local frequency modulation includes an accelerating cavity, a coupling cavity, and a beam hole. The accelerating cavity and the coupling cavity are alternately assembled together, and the beam hole penetrates the accelerating cavity and the coupling cavity. A local cutting area is arranged inside both the accelerating cavity and the coupling cavity. A local frequency modulation method for a radio frequency electron accelerator is further provided. In the frequency modulation stage of the accelerating cavity, the local cutting area of the accelerating cavity is cut. When the feed amount is large, the change of the volume of the cavity is still small, and the generated frequency variation of the cavity is small, which significantly reduces the difficulty of frequency modulation, lowers the accuracy requirements of machine tools at the same time, and decreases the cost of enterprises accordingly.

A method is for closed-loop control of an X-ray pulse chain generated via a linear accelerator system. In an embodiment, the method includes modulating a first electron beam within a first radio-frequency pulse duration, wherein the first multiple amplitude X-ray pulse is produced on modulating the first electron beam; measuring time-resolved actual values of the first multiple amplitude X-ray pulse; adjusting at least one pulse parameter as a function of a comparison of the specified multiple amplitude X-ray pulse profile and the measured time-resolved actual values; and modulating a second electron beam within a second radio-frequency pulse duration as a function of the at least one adjusted pulse parameter for production of the second multiple amplitude X-ray pulse, so the X-ray pulse chain is controlled.