A system includes a patient support and an outer gantry on which an accelerator is mounted to enable the accelerator to move through a range of positions around a patient on the patient support. The accelerator is configured to produce a proton or ion beam having an energy level sufficient to reach a target in the patient. An inner gantry includes an aperture for directing the proton or ion beam towards the target.

A continuous wave ion linear accelerator PET radioisotope system is disclosed. The system includes a high brightness H.sup. ion source, a continuous wave RF quadrupole structure, and continuous wave RF interdigital structures to accelerate the ion beam to about 14 MeV. A high energy beam transport system is also described that includes a photo-detachment beam splitter and a magnet lattice for forming the proton beam into a beam having a Waterbag beam profile. The system also includes one or more targets upon which the proton beam is incident. The targets are either a high power metallic target oriented at about 10 degrees or a low thermal conductivity target oriented at about 35 degrees. The invention includes a method of producing PET isotopes by use of the systems described.

A fusion reactor includes an improved ability to modulate a plasma for specific purposes. The reactor operates on the ability to change at least four separate variables in each of a plurality of lenses that are independent of the other lenses. This allows for the generation of Alfvn waves and modulation of the internal plasma dynamics, actively leading to higher states of efficiency. By combining modulation of a plasma in the form of an ion beam with a solid state metal target, an efficient fast neutron source can be produced. This can lead to industrial applications such as energy generation, nuclear clean-up, the production of rare earth metals out of semi-rare ones, and helium production.

A beam transport assembly conveys a particle beam from a particle source to an irradiation nozzle, which rotates about a swivel axis at the horizontal input of the nozzle. A support can move horizontally in a plane perpendicular to the swivel axis. The beam transport assembly can change a path length of the particle beam so as to follow a vertical location of the swivel axis of the irradiation nozzle with respect to the support. A controller can coordinate the path length change of the particle beam, rotation of the irradiation nozzle about the swivel axis, and/or horizontal motion of the support to provide irradiation of a supported object from various angles in the plane perpendicular to the swivel axis while maintaining the irradiation nozzle at a constant distance from the supported object.

A continuous wave ion linear accelerator PET radioisotope system is disclosed. The system includes a high brightness H.sup. ion source, a continuous wave RF quadrupole structure, and continuous wave RF interdigital structures to accelerate the ion beam to about 14 MeV. A high energy beam transport system is also described that includes a photo-detachment beam splitter and a magnet lattice for forming the proton beam into a beam having a Waterbag beam profile. The system also includes one or more targets upon which the proton beam is incident. The targets are either a high power metallic target oriented at about 10 degrees or a low thermal conductivity target oriented at about 35 degrees. The invention includes a method of producing PET isotopes by use of the systems described.

A beam transport assembly conveys a particle beam from a particle source to an irradiation nozzle, which rotates about a swivel axis at the horizontal input of the nozzle. A support can move horizontally in a plane perpendicular to the swivel axis. The beam transport assembly can change a path length of the particle beam so as to follow a vertical location of the swivel axis of the irradiation nozzle with respect to the support. A controller can coordinate the path length change of the particle beam, rotation of the irradiation nozzle about the swivel axis, and/or horizontal motion of the support to provide irradiation of a supported object from various angles in the plane perpendicular to the swivel axis while maintaining the irradiation nozzle at a constant distance from the supported object.

A particle therapy system capable of reducing the installation area and also suppressing a variation in the irradiation beam position is provided. A synchrotron generates a charged particle beam, and a beam delivery system irradiates an irradiation target with a charged particle beam extracted from the synchrotron thereby forming a radiation field. A rotating gantry is provided with the beam delivery system and is rotatable around the irradiation target. Dispersion measuring devices, each of which measures the dispersion of the charged particle beam at the position of the irradiation target at a plurality of rotation angles of the rotating gantry, are also provided. The orbit center of the charged particle beam extracted from the synchrotron and the rotation axis of the rotating gantry are located on substantially the same straight line.

An embodiment of the invention is a focusing magnet including a coil pair arranged on both sides of a path of a charged particle beam. The coil pair generates an effective magnetic field region in which a magnetic field is oriented in a direction (z-axis) perpendicular to a traveling direction (x-axis) of a charged particle beam. In an xy-plane, an incident charged particle beam deflected at a deflection angle with respect to the x-axis at a deflection point Q is deflected by the effective magnetic field region, and irradiates an isocenter at an irradiation angle with respect to the x-axis; an arbitrary point P2 on a boundary on an exit side of the effective magnetic field region is at an equal distance r.sub.1 from the isocenter; a point P1 on a boundary on an incident side of the effective magnetic field region and the point P2 are on a radius r.sub.2 and an arc of a central angle (+); and when a distance between the deflection point Q and the isocenter is L, a distance R between the deflection point Q and the point P1 satisfies a relational equation (4).

An embodiment of the invention is a focusing magnet including a coil pair arranged on both sides of a path of a charged particle beam. The coil pair generates an effective magnetic field region in which a magnetic field is oriented in a direction (z-axis) perpendicular to a traveling direction (x-axis) of a charged particle beam. In an xy-plane, an incident charged particle beam deflected at a deflection angle with respect to the x-axis at a deflection point Q is deflected by the effective magnetic field region, and irradiates an isocenter at an irradiation angle with respect to the x-axis; an arbitrary point P2 on a boundary on an exit side of the effective magnetic field region is at an equal distance r.sub.1 from the isocenter; a point P1 on a boundary on an incident side of the effective magnetic field region and the point P2 are on a radius r.sub.2 and an arc of a central angle (+); and when a distance between the deflection point Q and the isocenter is L, a distance R between the deflection point Q and the point P1 satisfies a relational equation (4).

An embodiment of the invention is a focusing magnet including a coil pair arranged on both sides of a path of a charged particle beam. The coil pair generates an effective magnetic field region in which a magnetic field is oriented in a direction (z-axis) perpendicular to a traveling direction (x-axis) of a charged particle beam. In an xy-plane, an incident charged particle beam deflected at a deflection angle with respect to the x-axis at a deflection point Q is deflected by the effective magnetic field region, and irradiates an isocenter at an irradiation angle with respect to the x-axis; an arbitrary point P2 on a boundary on an exit side of the effective magnetic field region is at an equal distance r.sub.1 from the isocenter; a point P1 on a boundary on an incident side of the effective magnetic field region and the point P2 are on a radius r.sub.2 and an arc of a central angle (+); and when a distance between the deflection point Q and the isocenter is L, a distance R between the deflection point Q and the point P1 satisfies a relational equation (4).