A scanning magnet that deflects a charged particle beam has a winding U provided with grooves SL1 and SL4 provided at facing positions. A passing direction of a conductive wire forming the winding U passes through the groove SL1 in a γ-axis positive direction, and passes through the groove SL4 in a γ-axis negative direction. The winding U has a loop path SL1-SL4 in which the groove SL1 is directed to the γ-axis positive direction, and the groove SL4 is directed to the γ-axis negative direction. When a current flows in the γ-axis positive direction in a winding section U+ disposed in the groove SL1, a current flows in the γ-axis negative direction in a winding section U− disposed in the groove SL4. A yoke, the winding U, a winding V, and a winding W have a 120° rotationally symmetric structure with respect to a central axis of the yoke.

A magnetic apparatus and a method of operating the magnetic apparatus can include a scanning electromagnet that redirects a beam of charged particles, a vacuum chamber that prevents the atmosphere from interfering with the charged particles, and, a parallelizing permanent magnet array for parallelizing the beam of charged particles. The parallelizing permanent magnet array can be located proximate to a target comprising a Bremsstrahlung target or an object that is being irradiated. The magnetic field of the scanning electromagnet can be variable to produce all angles necessary to sweep the beam of charged particles across the target and the parallelizing permanent magnet array can be configured from a magnetic material that does not require an electric current.

A deflection electromagnet device generates a high magnetic field without increasing the size of a vacuum duct to facilitate control over a beam orbit. Magnetic flux lines from a return pole pass through the vacuum duct of a high-temperature superconductor in a vacuum heat insulation container and the charged particle beam is thus deflected, thereby generating radiation. A three-pole magnetic field is formed on the beam orbit and the charged particle beam is thus deflected by individual magnetic fields, so that radiation can be generated while the charged particle beam returns to a coaxial orbit. Therefore, an increase in size of the vacuum duct can be prevented. A shielding current is dominant and the non-uniformity of the magnetic field in a z-axis direction is prevented by disposing the high-temperature superconductor having a crystal direction c-axis orthogonal to a horizontal plane in which the charged particle beam flows.

A gantry-less particle therapy system is provided. Charged particles are extracted from an ion source and accelerated in a beam transport system having an annular portion extending in a first plane and that circumscribes a volume, an arcuate portion extending in a second plane, and a transition portion that connects the annular portion and the arcuate portion. The arcuate portion terminates at a beam nozzle extending radially inward from the annular portion to deliver an ion beam to a treatment area contained in the volume circumscribed by the annular portion.

A beam transport assembly conveys a particle beam from a particle source to an irradiation nozzle, which rotates about a swivel axis at the horizontal input of the nozzle. A support can move horizontally in a plane perpendicular to the swivel axis. The beam transport assembly can change a path length of the particle beam so as to follow a vertical location of the swivel axis of the irradiation nozzle with respect to the support. A controller can coordinate the path length change of the particle beam, rotation of the irradiation nozzle about the swivel axis, and/or horizontal motion of the support to provide irradiation of a supported object from various angles in the plane perpendicular to the swivel axis while maintaining the irradiation nozzle at a constant distance from the supported object.

A scanning magnet that deflects a charged particle beam has a winding U provided with grooves SL1 and SL4 provided at facing positions. A passing direction of a conductive wire forming the winding U passes through the groove SL1 in a γ-axis positive direction, and passes through the groove SL4 in a γ-axis negative direction. The winding U has a loop path SL1-SL4 in which the groove SL1 is directed to the γ-axis positive direction, and the groove SL4 is directed to the γ-axis negative direction. When a current flows in the γ-axis positive direction in a winding section U+ disposed in the groove SL1, a current flows in the γ-axis negative direction in a winding section U− disposed in the groove SL4. A yoke, the winding U, a winding V, and a winding W have a 120° rotationally symmetric structure with respect to a central axis of the yoke.

According to one embodiment, a particle beam accelerator comprising: an injection unit configured to inject a particle beam; a guiding unit configured to guide the particle beam to a trajectory; an acceleration unit configured to accelerate the particle beam circulating on the trajectory; an emission unit configured to output the particle beam; a particle beam blocking unit configured to block the particle beam on the trajectory; a control unit configured to control the injection unit, the guiding unit, the acceleration unit, the emission unit, and the particle beam blocking unit, wherein: the guiding unit includes a superconducting electromagnet and a superconducting electromagnet interrupter configured to interrupt the superconducting electromagnet, the control unit is configured to change a starting sequence of the particle beam blocking unit and the superconducting electromagnet interrupter depending on at least an operating state of the emission unit, when an abnormality occurs in the superconducting electromagnet.

A magnetic apparatus and a method of operating the magnetic apparatus can include a scanning electromagnet that redirects a beam of charged particles, a vacuum chamber that prevents the atmosphere from interfering with the charged particles, and, a parallelizing permanent magnet array for parallelizing the beam of charged particles. The parallelizing permanent magnet array can be located proximate to a target comprising a Bremsstrahlung target or an object that is being irradiated. The magnetic field of the scanning electromagnet can be variable to produce all angles necessary to sweep the beam of charged particles across the target and the parallelizing permanent magnet array can be configured from a magnetic material that does not require an electric current.

A method of generating electromagnetic fields comprises the step of using the interaction between a laser source and an appropriate target, as the source for generating high-intensity electromagnetic fields. A strong positive charge is generated in the target hit by the laser. The target has a structure consisting of at least two different elements. The method can be used to obtain the acceleration, deceleration, deflection, focusing or selection of moving charges. Such charges have been previously accelerated by a completely separate process, and therefore the two processes of pre-acceleration and subsequent processing of the beam of particles are completely separate and therefore separately tunable and optimizable Such electromagnetic fields can be used in other fields than those previously indicated, such as—merely by way of example—medicine, biology, studies on materials, electromagnetic compatibility, and generation of terahertz radiation.

A particle beam transport apparatus includes a vacuum duct, at least one magnet controller, and a scanning magnet. The vacuum duct is configured such that a particle beam advances through the vacuum duct. The magnet controller is disposed around a bent portion of the vacuum duct and is configured to control an advancing direction or shape of the particle beam. The scanning magnet is disposed on the downstream side of the magnet controller in the advancing direction and is configured to scan the particle beam by deflecting each bunch of the particle beam. The magnet controller includes a deflection magnet configured to deflect the advancing direction of the particle beam along the bent portion and a quadrupole magnet configured to converge the particle beam. The deflection magnet and the quadrupole magnet constitute a combined-function magnet arranged at the same point in the advancing direction.