A radio frequency electron accelerator structure for local frequency modulation includes an accelerating cavity, a coupling cavity, and a beam hole. The accelerating cavity and the coupling cavity are alternately assembled together, and the beam hole penetrates the accelerating cavity and the coupling cavity. A local cutting area is arranged inside both the accelerating cavity and the coupling cavity. A local frequency modulation method for a radio frequency electron accelerator is further provided. In the frequency modulation stage of the accelerating cavity, the local cutting area of the accelerating cavity is cut. When the feed amount is large, the change of the volume of the cavity is still small, and the generated frequency variation of the cavity is small, which significantly reduces the difficulty of frequency modulation, lowers the accuracy requirements of machine tools at the same time, and decreases the cost of enterprises accordingly.

The present disclosure relates to an accelerating apparatus for a radiation device. The accelerating apparatus may include a plurality of acceleration cavity units including a plurality of acceleration cavities. Each of the plurality of acceleration cavity units may be configured to accelerate a radiation beam passing through an acceleration cavity. And the accelerating apparatus may further include a plurality of coupling cavity units each of which may include a coupling cavity. Two adjacent acceleration cavities may be electromagnetically coupled via the coupling cavity. The plurality of acceleration cavity units may have a plurality of holes each of which may be configured to be in fluidic communication with the corresponding coupling cavity. And an edge region of each of at least a portion of the plurality of holes may include continuously varying curvatures.

A particle accelerator can include a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion can include a first plurality of cell portions and a first iris portion that is disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions. The first iris portion can include a first portion of an aperture such that the aperture is configured to be disposed about a beam axis. The first waveguide portion can further include a first bonding surface. The second waveguide portion can include a second plurality of cell portions and a second iris portion that is disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions. The second iris portion can include a second portion of the aperture. The second waveguide portion can include a second bonding surface.

A particle accelerator can include a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion can include a first plurality of cell portions and a first iris portion that is disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions. The first iris portion can include a first portion of an aperture such that the aperture is configured to be disposed about a beam axis. The first waveguide portion can further include a first bonding surface. The second waveguide portion can include a second plurality of cell portions and a second iris portion that is disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions. The second iris portion can include a second portion of the aperture. The second waveguide portion can include a second bonding surface.

The present disclosure relates to an accelerating apparatus for a radiation device. The accelerating apparatus may include a plurality of acceleration cavity units including a plurality of acceleration cavities. Each of the plurality of acceleration cavity units may be configured to accelerate a radiation beam passing through an acceleration cavity. And the accelerating apparatus may further include a plurality of coupling cavity units each of which may include a coupling cavity. Two adjacent acceleration cavities may be electromagnetically coupled via the coupling cavity. The plurality of acceleration cavity units may have a plurality of holes each of which may be configured to be in fluidic communication with the corresponding coupling cavity. And an edge region of each of at least a portion of the plurality of holes may include continuously varying curvatures.

A radio frequency electron accelerator structure for local frequency modulation includes an accelerating cavity, a coupling cavity, and a beam hole. The accelerating cavity and the coupling cavity are alternately assembled together, and the beam hole penetrates the accelerating cavity and the coupling cavity. A local cutting area is arranged inside both the accelerating cavity and the coupling cavity. A local frequency modulation method for a radio frequency electron accelerator is further provided. In the frequency modulation stage of the accelerating cavity, the local cutting area of the accelerating cavity is cut. When the feed amount is large, the change of the volume of the cavity is still small, and the generated frequency variation of the cavity is small, which significantly reduces the difficulty of frequency modulation, lowers the accuracy requirements of machine tools at the same time, and decreases the cost of enterprises accordingly.

Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to initiating beam transport for an accelerator system. An example method includes increasing a bias voltage of one or more electrodes of the accelerator system to a first voltage level and extracting a charged particle beam from a beam source such that the beam is transported through the accelerator system. The beam has a beam current that results in a first transient voltage drop within a threshold. The method further includes increasing the beam current at a rate that results in one or more subsequent transient voltage drops within the threshold until the accelerator system has reached nominal conditions. Another example method includes biasing one or more electrodes of an accelerator system and selectively extracting, according to a duty cycle function, a charged particle beam from a beam source such that the charged particle beam is transported through the accelerator system.

An apparatus may include global control module, the global control module including a digital master clock generator and a master waveform generator. The apparatus may also include a plurality of resonator control modules, coupled to the global control module. A given resonator control module of the plurality of resonator control modules may include a synchronization module, having a first input coupled to receive a resonator output voltage pickup signal from a local resonator, a second input coupled to receive a digital master clock signal from the digital master clock generator, and a first output coupled to send a delay signal to the master waveform generator.

A particle accelerator can include a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion can include a first plurality of cell portions and a first iris portion that is disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions. The first iris portion can include a first portion of an aperture such that the aperture is configured to be disposed about a beam axis. The first waveguide portion can further include a first bonding surface. The second waveguide portion can include a second plurality of cell portions and a second iris portion that is disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions. The second iris portion can include a second portion of the aperture. The second waveguide portion can include a second bonding surface.

A method of generating power using a Thorium-containing molten salt fuel is disclosed. One example includes the steps of providing a vessel containing a molten salt fuel, generating a proton beam externally to the vessel, where the externally generated proton beam being of an energy level sufficient to interact with the salt in the vessel to produce a (p, n) reaction resulting in the generation of a neutron at the first energy level. Neutrons generated within the vessel through the (p, n) reactions caused by the externally generated proton's interaction with the at least one salt are utilized to produce a fission reaction where the fission reaction increases the heat content of the molten salt within the vessel. In the example, a heat exchanger is used to extract heat from the molten salt within the vessel and power is generated from the extracted heat.