A superconducting accelerator includes an acceleration cavity, and a refrigerant tank at an outer circumference of the acceleration cavity. The gap between the refrigerant tank and the acceleration cavity is filled with a refrigerant for cooling the acceleration cavity. A pair of pressing members is provided to an outer circumference of the refrigerant tank to be positioned at both side ends of the acceleration cavity in a direction of a beam axis of the charged particle beam or at both ends of the acceleration cavity in a direction perpendicular to the beam axis. A wire is continuously wound around the outer circumference of the refrigerant tank and configured to generate a tensile force in a direction in which the pressing members are brought come into close each other. A tension adjustor is configured to adjust the tensile force generated by the wire.

Some embodiments include a system comprising: a first control logic configured to receive a first trigger and generate a second trigger in response to the first trigger the second trigger having a delay relative to the first trigger of a configurable number of cycles of a counter of the first control logic; a second control logic configured to receive the second trigger and generate a third trigger in response to the second trigger the third trigger having a delay relative to the second trigger of a configurable number of cycles of a counter of the second control logic; and a third control logic configured to receive the second trigger and generate a fourth trigger in response to the second trigger the fourth trigger having a delay relative to the second trigger of a configurable number of cycles of a counter of the third control logic. A particle beam may be accelerated in response to the triggers.

Provided is a klynac including: a klystron input cell configured to form a first resonant circuit; a klystron output cell; and a plurality of linac cells configured to form a second resonant circuit with the klystron output cell.

An accelerating cavity includes an electrically conductive cylindrical housing and a plurality of cells that are made of a dielectric material and have openings in respective central portions of the cells through which charged particles are allowed to pass. The cells are arranged inside the housing while being aligned in the axial direction of the central axis of the housing, and sandwiched by the housing in the axial direction of the central axis to be immobilized. The housing has grooves provided on portions thereof that support the respective cells and each having a depth that is one fourth of the wavelength of radio frequency waves for the acceleration mode that propagate through the cells.

A linac-based X-ray system for cargo scanning and imaging applications uses linac design, RF power control, beam current control, and beam current pulse duration control to provide stable sequences of pulses having different energy levels or different doses.

A radiotherapy system includes an X-ray target configured to convert an incident electron beam into a therapeutic X-ray beam, a purging magnet configured to redirect unwanted particles emitted from the X-ray target away from the therapeutic X-ray beam, and a particle collector configured to absorb the unwanted particles subsequent to redirection by the purging magnet. The particle collector may be configured to dissipate at least 50% of the energy of the incident electron beam.

A high power extreme ultraviolet (EUV) beam is produced. An electron beam is injected in a compact electron storage ring configured for emission of free-electron laser (FEL) radiation. The electron beam is passed through a magnetic undulator on each of a plurality of successive revolutions of the electron beam around the compact electron storage ring. The electron beam is induced to microbunch and radiate coherently while passing through the magnetic undulator. A portion of the free-electron laser radiation at an extreme ultraviolet wavelength produced by an interaction of the electron beam through the magnetic undulator is outputted.

A high-current, compact, conduction cooled superconducting radio-frequency cryomodule for particle accelerators. The cryomodule will accelerate an electron beam of average current up to 1 ampere in continuous wave (CW) mode or at high duty factor. The cryomodule consists of a single-cell superconducting radio-frequency cavity made of high-purity niobium, with an inner coating of Nb.sub.3Sn and an outer coating of pure copper. Conduction cooling is achieved by using multiple closed-cycle refrigerators. Power is fed into the cavity by two coaxial couplers. Damping of the high-order modes is achieved by a warm beam-pipe ferrite damper.

A superconducting accelerator includes an acceleration cavity, and a refrigerant tank at an outer circumference of the acceleration cavity. The gap between the refrigerant tank and the acceleration cavity is filled with a refrigerant for cooling the acceleration cavity. A pair of pressing members is provided to an outer circumference of the refrigerant tank to be positioned at both side ends of the acceleration cavity in a direction of a beam axis of the charged particle beam or at both ends of the acceleration cavity in a direction perpendicular to the beam axis. A wire is continuously wound around the outer circumference of the refrigerant tank and configured to generate a tensile force in a direction in which the pressing members are brought come into close each other. A tension adjustor is configured to adjust the tensile force generated by the wire.

The present invention discloses a homologous dual-energy accelerator and a therapy device comprising the homologous accelerator. The homologous dual-energy accelerator comprises an electron emitting device and an accelerating device, wherein the electron emitting device is located at the input end of the accelerating device, and electrons generated by the electron emitting device are emitted from the output end of the accelerating device after being accelerated by the accelerating device; the homologous dual-energy accelerator further comprises at least one separation deflection device which is arranged on the output end side of the accelerating device and used for changing the motion trail of partial electrons among the electrons accelerated by the accelerating device. The homologous dual-energy accelerator has the advantages that the inventor discovers that the speeds and energy of all electrons are not completely same after the electrons are accelerated by the accelerating device; the inventor uses the separation deflection device arranged on the output end side of the accelerating device through the discovery, the motion trail of partial electrons having relatively low energy level among the particles accelerated by the accelerating device is forcibly changed, the electrons having different energy levels in a homologous electron beam are separated, and two energy levels of electron beams are thus obtained, wherein the high-energy electron beam continues an original path and is used for radiotherapy, and the other path of low-energy electron beam is used for tracking lesions and detecting the therapeutic effect.