A printed circuit board comprises N power switching cells operating in parallel and respectively comprising a transistor leg, at least one decoupling capacitor and a gate driver circuit. Each transistor leg comprises respective first and second transistors in series, a drain of the first transistor being connected to a positive DC line, a source of the second transistor being connected to a negative DC line, a source of the first transistor being connected to a drain of the second through a connection middle-point connected to an output terminal. Each gate driver circuit controls respective switching ON and OFF of the corresponding first and second transistors. The N transistor legs of the corresponding N power switching cells are positioned to substantially form a convex polygon having N edges of substantially the same length, each one of the N transistor legs being positioned along one of the edges of the convex polygon.

A printed circuit board includes: a first insulating layer; a first wiring layer disposed on one surface of the first insulating layer; and a bump at least partially disposed in the first insulating layer and connected to the first wiring layer. The bump at least partially protrudes from the other surface of the first insulating layer, opposite to the one surface of the first insulating layer.

A vibration isolator and method of assembly utilize “flex circuits” to provide both vibration/shock isolation and integrated electrically isolated conductive paths to support lightweight devices (<100 grams) such as crystal oscillators, IC chips, MEMs devices and the like. Each flex circuit includes a least one polymer layer and at least one of the flex circuits includes at least one patterned conductive layer. The isolator may be integrally formed from a stack of polymer layers and patterned conductive layers to provide the plurality of flex circuits, platform and connectors. Most typically, flex circuits are Type 4 in which the multiple polymer layers have a loose leaf or bonded configuration. Flex circuits are easy to produce in large quantities at low cost with standardized and repeatable performance characteristics.

A vibration isolator and method of assembly utilize “flex circuits” to provide both vibration/shock isolation and integrated electrically isolated conductive paths to support lightweight devices (<100 grams) such as crystal oscillators, IC chips, MEMs devices and the like. Each flex circuit includes a least one polymer layer and at least one of the flex circuits includes at least one patterned conductive layer. The isolator may be integrally formed from a stack of polymer layers and patterned conductive layers to provide the plurality of flex circuits, platform and connectors. Most typically, flex circuits are Type 4 in which the multiple polymer layers have a loose leaf or bonded configuration. Flex circuits are easy to produce in large quantities at low cost with standardized and repeatable performance characteristics.

Described herein are dielectric polymer films and printed circuit boards, such as multilayer and high-density interconnect printed circuit board comprising at least one dielectric polymer film.

A packaging substrate can include a first surface and a second opposing surface, the first surface having a mounting region configured to receive electronic components, and electrical contacts formed on the second opposing surface. A saw street region can surround the mounting region and the electrical contacts, a metal layer and a solder mask layer being formed within the saw street region on the second opposing surface, and the solder mask layer being formed over the metal layer. An electronic module can include a packaging substrate including a first surface and a second opposing surface, the first surface including a mounting region. A plurality of electronic components can be mounted on the mounting region. A ground pad can be formed on the second opposing surface of the packaging substrate, the ground pad including a solder mask layer formed thereon, the solder mask layer having a plurality of openings.

A packaging substrate can include a first surface and a second opposing surface, the first surface having a mounting region configured to receive electronic components, and electrical contacts formed on the second opposing surface. A saw street region can surround the mounting region and the electrical contacts, a metal layer and a solder mask layer being formed within the saw street region on the second opposing surface, and the solder mask layer being formed over the metal layer. An electronic module can include a packaging substrate including a first surface and a second opposing surface, the first surface including a mounting region. A plurality of electronic components can be mounted on the mounting region. A ground pad can be formed on the second opposing surface of the packaging substrate, the ground pad including a solder mask layer formed thereon, the solder mask layer having a plurality of openings.

An apparatus having stacked circuit boards has been disclosed. The apparatus includes a main circuit board and a sub circuit board disposed over the main circuit board. A plurality of sub components disposed on a bottom face of the sub circuit board penetrates through main circuit board and extends towards a bottom face of the main circuit board. In this say, a compact apparatus is produced.

An optical device may include an optical subassembly and a digital signal processor (DSP). The optical device may include a radio frequency (RF) interconnect that electrically connects the optical subassembly and the DSP. The optical device may include a passive RF filter on one or more transmission lines of the RF interconnect.

An electrical connector that includes a circuit board having a board substrate that has opposite board surfaces and a thickness measured along an orientation axis that extends between the opposite board surfaces. The circuit board has associated pairs of input and output terminals and signal traces that electrically connect the associated pairs of input and output terminals. The input and output terminals being configured to communicatively coupled to mating and cable conductors, respectively. Each associated pair of input and output terminals is electrically connected through a corresponding signal trace that has a conductive path extending along the board substrate between the corresponding input and output terminals. At least two signal traces form a broadside-coupling region in which the conductive paths of the at least two signal traces are stacked along the orientation axis and spaced apart through the thickness and extend parallel to each other for a crosstalk-reducing distance.