A gas detector includes an electrochemical gas sensor. The sensor includes a plurality of electrodes. At least one of the electrodes is formed of a catalyst/binder slurry which is halftone printed onto a substrate. The composite printed element and substrate are sintered to form the electrode.

A pre-dryer for continuous feed or cut sheet systems is described. Such a module can be used in various applications, for example, prior to printing where the time constant for fusing and glossing is long enough that the substrate temperature essentially equilibrates with that of the marking material on the surface of the sheet. The pre-dryer may be part of an image forming device. Substrates, including paper, typically have high moisture content in normal atmospheric conditions. Such substrates may have a moisture content of about 10% water by weight, which is considered high for printing. Such high moisture content in image receiving substrates leads to various artifacts and extends heating times to take the substrate to its glossing temperature that are about four times longer than for dry media. This longer heating time translates to undesirably longer paper paths or nip lengths.

Systems and methods for venting a solvent are disclosed. The system includes a chamber, such as an oven having an interior volume defining a heating zone, where the interior volume receives at least one substrate coated with a coating material comprising a solvent. The system further includes a vent coupled to the oven and defining a passage between the interior volume and the environment external to the oven. The system also includes a solvent sensor measuring an amount of evaporated solvent present in the interior volume, and a fan removing at least a portion of the solvent from the interior volume. The system may also include a coating assembly including an applicator and a flow meter, wherein the applicator applies a portion of the coating material to the substrate, and the flow meter determines the amount of coating material applied to the substrate.

Systems and methods for venting a solvent are disclosed. The system includes a chamber, such as an oven having an interior volume defining a heating zone, where the interior volume receives at least one substrate coated with a coating material comprising a solvent. The system further includes a vent coupled to the oven and defining a passage between the interior volume and the environment external to the oven. The system also includes a solvent sensor measuring an amount of evaporated solvent present in the interior volume, and a fan removing at least a portion of the solvent from the interior volume. The system may also include a coating assembly including an applicator and a flow meter, wherein the applicator applies a portion of the coating material to the substrate, and the flow meter determines the amount of coating material applied to the substrate.

Methods and systems to improve printed electrical components and for integration in circuits are disclosed. Passive components, e.g., capacitors, resistors and inductors, can be printed directly into a solid ceramic block using additive manufacturing. A grounded conductive plane or a conductive cage may be placed between adjacent electrical components, or around each component, to minimize unwanted parasitic effects in the circuits, such as, e.g., parasitic capacitance or parasitic inductance. Resistors may be printed in non-traditional shapes, for example, S-shape, smooth S-shape, U-shape, V-shape, Z-shape, zigzag-shape, and any other acceptable alternative configurations. The flexibility in shapes and sizes of the printed resistors allows optimal space usage of the ceramic block. The present invention also discloses an electrical component comprising combined predetermined values of capacitance, resistance and inductance. The integration and adjustability of a multi-property device can provide significant advantages in electronics manufacturing.

An electrode connecting method includes: producing (i) a first circuit board including first electrodes spaced at a first distance and (ii) a second circuit board having a thermal expansion rate less than that of the first circuit board and including second electrodes spaced at a second distance, such that a difference in dimension between the first distance and the second distance falls within a particular permissible range; dehydrating the first circuit board so as to reduce the first distance; causing the first electrodes and the second electrodes to be respectively opposed to each other, with a thermosetting adhesive interposed between the first circuit board and the second circuit board; heating the thermosetting adhesive and at least the first circuit board of the first circuit board and the second circuit board; and bringing the first circuit board and the second circuit board into pressing contact with each other.

A drying device contains an upper drying head and a lower drying head. The upper drying head is arranged above a transport plane, in which objects to be dried can be transported in a transport direction through the drying device. The lower drying head is arranged below the transport plane. The upper drying head and the lower drying head contain in each case at least one air outlet slot and the longitudinal directions of the air outlet slots essentially extending parallel to the transport plane and transversely to the transport direction, and in which slot planes, in which the air outlet slots extend, intersect the transport plane at angles which are greater than 0 and less than 90.

Methods and systems to improve printed electrical components and for integration in circuits are disclosed. Passive components, e.g., capacitors, resistors and inductors, can be printed directly into a solid ceramic block using additive manufacturing. A grounded conductive plane or a conductive cage may be placed between adjacent electrical components, or around each component, to minimize unwanted parasitic effects in the circuits, such as, e.g., parasitic capacitance or parasitic inductance. Resistors may be printed in non-traditional shapes, for example, S-shape, smooth S-shape, U-shape, V-shape, Z-shape, zigzag-shape, and any other acceptable alternative configurations. The flexibility in shapes and sizes of the printed resistors allows optimal space usage of the ceramic block. The present invention also discloses an electrical component comprising combined predetermined values of capacitance, resistance and inductance. The integration and adjustability of a multi-property device can provide significant advantages in electronics manufacturing.

A method for washing a plurality of PCB units, the method comprising the steps of: receiving a plurality of PCB units, said PCB units arranged with a bump face projecting downwards; washing the bump face of the PCB units, then; flipping the PCB units as to project a ball face downwards, then; washing the ball face.

In a method for preparing a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA), the PCBA has a base circuit board having a plurality of electronic components installed thereon. First, the surface of the PCBA is cleaned with a cleaner. After cleaning, the staking material is applied around the plurality of electronic components around the circumference of the plurality of electronic components. After applying the staking material, the PCBA with the staking material is cured and inspected.