A compound (A) of the present invention is represented by the formula (1): wherein each R.sub.1 independently represents a group represented by the formula (2) or a hydrogen atom, and each R.sub.2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that at least one R.sub.1 is a group represented by the formula (2); and wherein -* represents a bonding hand.

Techniques and mechanisms for bonding structures of a circuit device with a monolayer. In an embodiment, a patterned metallization layer or a first dielectric layer includes a first surface portion. The first surface portion is exposed to first molecules which each include a first head group and a first end group which is substantially non-reactive with the first head group. The first head groups attach to the first portion to form a first self-assembled monolayer, which is subsequently reacted with second molecules to form a second monolayer comprising moieties of the first molecules. In another embodiment, the first head group comprises a first moiety comprising a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom, where the first end group comprises one of an acid moiety, an acid anhydride moiety, an aliphatic alcohol moiety, an aromatic alcohol moiety, or an unsaturated hydrocarbon moiety.

A wiring substrate includes a first insulating layer, a first conductor layer, a second insulating layer, a second conductor layer, a connection conductor penetrating through the second insulating layer and connecting the first and second conductor layers, and a coating film formed on a surface of the first conductor layer such that the coating film is adhering the first conductor layer and the second insulating layer. The first conductor layer includes a conductor pad and a wiring pattern such that the conductor pad is in contact with the connection conductor and the wiring pattern is covered by the coating film, the conductor pad of the first conductor layer has a surface facing the second insulating layer and having a first surface roughness higher than a surface roughness of a surface of the wiring pattern, and the coating film has opening such that the opening is exposing the conductor pad entirely.

A surface treated copper foil includes: a copper foil; a finely roughened particle treatment layer of copper on at least one surface of the copper foil, the finely roughened particle treatment layer including fine copper particles having a particle size of 40 to 200 nm; a heat resistance treatment layer containing nickel on the finely roughened particle treatment layer; a rust prevention treatment layer containing at least chromium on the heat resistance treatment layer; and a silane coupling agent treatment layer on the rust prevention treatment layer. An amount of nickel attached in the heat resistance treatment layer is 30 to 60 mg/m2.

A method of improving the adhesion of a metal-organic interface in an electronic device includes providing a substrate with a metal structure, depositing a mono-layer of a selected silane composition on a surface of the metal structure with a vapor of the selected silane composition, and coating the treated surface with an organic material.

There are provided a modified silicone compound prepared by reacting: (A) a siloxane diamine represented by the general formula (1); (B) a maleimide compound with at least two N-substituted maleimide groups in the molecular structure; and (C) an amine compound with an acidic substituent; and also provided a thermosetting resin composition, a prepreg, a laminated plate, and a printed wiring board that are formed by using this compound. The multi-layered printed wiring board produced by using the laminated plate formed by using the prepreg obtained from the modified silicone compound and the thermosetting resin composition of the present invention through laminate molding has an excellent glass transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion, copper foil adhesion, hygroscopicity, hygroscopic solder heat resistance, and copper-stuck solder heat resistance. Therefore, the multi-layered printed wiring board is useful as a highly integrated semiconductor package and a printed wiring board for an electronic device. ##STR00001##

A circuit board according to an embodiment comprises: an insulating layer; a circuit pattern disposed above the top surface of or below the bottom surface of the insulating layer; and a buffer layer disposed between the insulating layer and the circuit pattern, the buffer layer comprising carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, silicon atoms, sulfur atoms, and metal atoms, wherein: the ratio of the carbon atoms to the metal atoms ((carbon atom/copper atom)*100) is 5-7; the ratio of the nitrogen atoms to the metal atoms ((nitrogen atom/copper atom)*100) is 1.5-7; the ratio of the oxygen atoms to the metal atoms ((oxygen atom/copper atom)*100) is 1.1-1.9; and the ratio of the silicon atoms to the metal atoms ((silicon atom/copper atom)*100) is 0.5-0.9; and the ratio of the sulfur atoms to the metal atoms ((sulfur atom/copper atom)*100) is 0.5-1.5.

A wiring substrate includes a first insulating layer, a first conductor layer, a second insulating layer, a second conductor layer, a connection conductor, and a coating film. The first conductor layer includes a conductor pad and a wiring pattern such that the conductor pad is formed in contact with the connection conductor and that the wiring pattern is covered by the coating film, the conductor pad has a surface facing the second insulating layer and having first surface roughness higher than surface roughness of a surface of the wiring pattern, and the coating film has opening exposing a portion of the surface of the conductor pad from the coating film and having area larger than area of interface between the conductor pad and the connection conductor and that the connection conductor is formed on the portion of the surface of the conductor pad and is separated from the coating film.

A wiring substrate includes a first insulating layer, a first conductor layer, a second insulating layer, a second conductor layer, a connection conductor penetrating through the second insulating layer and connecting the first and second conductor layers, and a coating film formed on a surface of the first conductor layer such that the coating film is adhering the first conductor layer and the second insulating layer. The first conductor layer includes a conductor pad and a wiring pattern such that the conductor pad is in contact with the connection conductor and the wiring pattern is covered by the coating film, the conductor pad of the first conductor layer has a surface facing the second insulating layer and having a first surface roughness higher than a surface roughness of a surface of the wiring pattern, and the coating film has opening such that the opening is exposing the conductor pad entirely.

A present invention provides a method for manufacturing a printed wiring board having excellent plating adhesion to a resin substrate having low surface roughness such as having surface roughness Ra of 0.2 μm or less, having excellent treating solution stability, and having high penetrability into the resin substrate. The method for manufacturing a resin substrate includes a step 1A or a step 1B; and a step 2 after the step 1A or the step 1B; and the steps are conducted before conducting electroless plating.