A shoe includes a first plate, a second plate, a third plate, filler material, springs, an insole, and a midsole. The first plate and the second plate are hingedly connected to each other. The filler material is located between the first plate and the second plate. The springs are located within openings in the filler material. The third plate is affixed to a top surface of the first plate. The insole is located above the third plate. The first plate is made of a thermoplastic elastomer, and the third plate is made of carbon fiber. Another shoe includes a midsole, a plate located above the midsole, springs located at least partially within openings in the midsole, and a spring holding unit located below the midsole for holding the springs. The spring holding unit includes spring holding members and branches connecting corresponding spring holding members.

An insulated sole having down feather insulation held captive therein and method of fabrication is described. The sole is formed with open top end cavities in which there is disposed down feathers or mixtures thereof to capture and retain heat. A membrane seals the open top end of the cavities. The insulated sole is used in the fabrication of articles of footwear for use in cold weather climate to resist to the cold emanating from the ground to shield against heat loss from the wearer's feet.

An insulated sole having down feather insulation held captive therein and method of fabrication is described. The sole is formed with open top end cavities in which there is disposed down feathers or mixtures thereof to capture and retain heat. A membrane seals the open top end of the cavities. The insulated sole is used in the fabrication of articles of footwear for use in cold weather climate to resist to the cold emanating from the ground to shield against heat loss from the wearer's feet.

A composite sole structure for an article of footwear includes a bottom component and an intermediate component. Each of the intermediate component and the bottom component includes a protruding portion that forms a concave contour on the top surface and a corresponding convex contour on the bottom surface of the component, where the protruding portion includes at least a first portion that forms a continuous trough at least from a medial side of the forefoot region, e.g., from a medial side of a toe split, to a lateral side of the heel region, e.g., a heel strike region. The bottom component further includes a variable thickness profile that forms a continuous ridge on the bottom surface, the ridge extending from the medial side of the forefoot region to the lateral side of the heel region, the ridge being substantially aligned with the first portion of the protruding portion of the intermediate component and the bottom component.

A composite sole structure for an article of footwear includes a bottom component and an intermediate component. Each of the intermediate component and the bottom component includes a protruding portion that forms a concave contour on the top surface and a corresponding convex contour on the bottom surface of the component, where the protruding portion includes at least a first portion that forms a continuous trough at least from a medial side of the forefoot region, e.g., from a medial side of a toe split, to a lateral side of the heel region, e.g., a heel strike region. The bottom component further includes a variable thickness profile that forms a continuous ridge on the bottom surface, the ridge extending from the medial side of the forefoot region to the lateral side of the heel region, the ridge being substantially aligned with the first portion of the protruding portion of the intermediate component and the bottom component.

A sole structure for an article of footwear may include a chamber for receiving a pressurized fluid, the chamber having a first chamber barrier layer and a second chamber barrier layer bonded to the first chamber barrier layer about peripheral portions of the first chamber barrier layer and the second chamber barrier layer to define an interior void between the first chamber barrier layer and the second chamber barrier layer. The sole structure may also include a tensile member bonded to, and extending between, the first chamber barrier layer and the second chamber barrier layer. The sole structure may include a bond inhibiting material located between the tensile member and the first chamber barrier layer, the tensile member and the first chamber barrier layer being unbonded in an unbonded area in which the bond inhibiting material is disposed. The chamber may include an outwardly extending bulge in the unbonded area.

A sole structure for an article of footwear may include a chamber for receiving a pressurized fluid, the chamber having a first chamber barrier layer and a second chamber barrier layer bonded to the first chamber barrier layer about peripheral portions of the first chamber barrier layer and the second chamber barrier layer to define an interior void between the first chamber barrier layer and the second chamber barrier layer. The sole structure may also include a tensile member bonded to, and extending between, the first chamber barrier layer and the second chamber barrier layer. The sole structure may include a bond inhibiting material located between the tensile member and the first chamber barrier layer, the tensile member and the first chamber barrier layer being unbonded in an unbonded area in which the bond inhibiting material is disposed. The chamber may include an outwardly extending bulge in the unbonded area.

A method of manufacturing footwear and an article of footwear having a tapered heel in part defining an impact point associated with a padded impact zone which first strikes a surface upon a foot plant and a plate embedded within a sole of the article such that the plate supports the heel of the sole from flexing or collapsing. The impact point is part of an impact area (F) positioned adjacent an ankle pivot axis of the wearer's ankle, and in one aspect is positioned at or slightly posterior the ankle pivot axis. In one aspect the method includes configuring a sole of the footwear based on an ankle pivot characteristic or balance pivot characteristic of a wearer in a custom manufacture or based on the same of a typical or an ordinary wearer in a non-custom manufacture.

Each year in North America there are approximately 175,000 non-contact ACL injuries. One of the main causes of these injuries is the rotational and translational forces created when a player makes a sudden change in direction or stops. Every athlete subjects their lower extremities to various forces that are unique to his or her mass, speed, and strength. These forces are affected by composition of the playing field surface, shoe sole design and construction, and other factors. Using these and other factors, the level of force at which injury is inevitable (pre-injury force) is determined and an athletic shoe is created which will provide a mitigating deformation induced by a particular athlete's pre-determined, pre-injury force threshold. A mitigating deformation of as little as 2 degrees can significantly reduce injurious forces. After the athlete has progressed through that particular force-generating movement, the shoe's sole instantly returns to its original shape.

Each year in North America there are approximately 175,000 non-contact ACL injuries. One of the main causes of these injuries is the rotational and translational forces created when a player makes a sudden change in direction or stops. Every athlete subjects their lower extremities to various forces that are unique to his or her mass, speed, and strength. These forces are affected by composition of the playing field surface, shoe sole design and construction, and other factors. Using these and other factors, the level of force at which injury is inevitable (pre-injury force) is determined and an athletic shoe is created which will provide a mitigating deformation induced by a particular athlete's pre-determined, pre-injury force threshold. A mitigating deformation of as little as 2 degrees can significantly reduce injurious forces. After the athlete has progressed through that particular force-generating movement, the shoe's sole instantly returns to its original shape.