A reel-to-reel method of creating pads on a layer of metal sheet or circuitry pattern on the fly. The method includes placing a sintering paste in the intended spots for pads followed by irradiation of the sintering paste by a laser.

A machine can include a UV zone that includes LED-based UV radiation sources; and a controller that controls conditions within the machine to regulate temperature of the LED-based UV radiation sources.

A method is disclosed for applying an electrical conductor to a solar cell, which comprises providing a flexible membrane with a pattern of groove formed on a first surface thereof, and loading the grooves with a composition comprising conductive particles. The composition is, or may be made, electrically conductive. Once the membrane is loaded, the grooved first surface of the membrane is brought into contact with a front or/and back of a solar cell. A pressure is then applied between the solar cell and the membrane(s) so that the composition loaded to the grooves adheres to the solar cell. The membrane(s) and the solar cell are separated and the composition in the groove is left on the solar cell surface. The electrically conductive particles in the composition are then sintered or otherwise fused to form a pattern of electrical conductor on the solar cell, the pattern corresponding to the pattern formed in the membrane(s).

The present disclosure provides a polyimide resin having at least two glass transition temperatures measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Also, a metal-clad laminate including the polyimide resin.

A method of forming a multi-layered printed circuit board (PCB) may include, with a printing device, delivering a flexible medium to at least one fluid jet printhead. Printing an electrically conductive fluid on the flexible medium may be performed with at least one fluid jet printhead, to form a first conductive layer on the flexible medium. With the at least one fluid jet printhead, an electrically insulating fluid may be printed on the first conductive layer to form at least one insulating layer on the first conductive layer. With the at least one fluid jet printhead, the electrically conductive fluid may be printed on the at least one insulating layer to form a second conductive layer.

The development of stretchable, mechanically and electrically robust interconnects by printing an elastic, silver-based composite ink onto stretchable fabric. Such interconnects can have conductivity of 3000-4000 S/cm and are durable under cyclic stretching. In serpentine shape, the fabric-based conductor is enhanced in electrical durability. Resistance increases only ˜5 times when cyclically stretched over a thousand times from zero to 30% strain at a rate of 4% strain per second due to the ink permeating the textile structure. The textile fibers are wetted with composite ink to form a conductive, stretchable cladding of the silver particles. The e-textile can realize a fully printed, double-sided electronic system of sensor-textile-interconnect integration. The double-sided e-textile can be used for a surface electromyography (sEMG) system to monitor muscles activities, an electroencephalography (EEG) system to record brain waves, and the like.

A method for manufacturing a dual conductor laminated substrate includes providing a first laminate including a first insulating layer and a first conductive layer; defining a first trace pattern including one or more traces in the first laminate; providing a second laminate including a second insulating layer and a second conductive layer; defining a second trace pattern including one or more traces in the second laminate; defining access holes in the second insulating layer; at least one of depositing and stenciling a conductive material in the access holes of the second insulating layer; and aligning and attaching the first laminate to the second laminate to create a laminated substrate.

The development of stretchable, mechanically and electrically robust interconnects by printing an elastic, silver-based composite ink onto stretchable fabric. Such interconnects can have conductivity of 3000-4000 S/cm and are durable under cyclic stretching. In serpentine shape, the fabric-based conductor is enhanced in electrical durability. Resistance increases only ˜5 times when cyclically stretched over a thousand times from zero to 30% strain at a rate of 4% strain per second due to the ink permeating the textile structure. The textile fibers are ‘wetted’ with composite ink to form a conductive, stretchable cladding of the silver particles. The e-textile can realize a fully printed, double-sided electronic system of sensor-textile-interconnect integration. The double-sided e-textile can be used for a surface electromyography (sEMG) system to monitor muscles activities, an electroencephalography (EEG) system to record brain waves, and the like.

A method for manufacturing a dual conductor laminated substrate includes providing a first laminate including a first insulating layer and a first conductive layer; defining a first trace pattern including one or more traces in the first laminate; providing a second laminate including a second insulating layer and a second conductive layer; defining a second trace pattern including one or more traces in the second laminate; defining access holes in the second insulating layer; at least one of depositing and stenciling a conductive material in the access holes of the second insulating layer; and aligning and attaching the first laminate to the second laminate to create a laminated substrate.

In a method for producing a wiring circuit board, a conductive pattern is formed using a plating resist formed by photolithography for sequentially moving one photomask in a first direction with respect to a dry film resist to be exposed a plurality of times. The conductive pattern has a conductive intermediate portion which is inclined. The one photomask has a third photo pattern. The third photo pattern includes a first photoline pattern and a second photo line pattern. A first portion of the first photoline pattern coincides with a second portion of the second photoline pattern when projected in the first direction.