The present invention relates to a prelaminate for an electronic card, wherein at least a first group of pads is formed from a metal plate formed from a piece comprising a central part and branches extending from the central part, the branches of the metal plate forming the pads of the first group. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a prelaminate and an electronic card comprising such a prelaminate.

A method of running a printed circuit board (PCB) trace on a PCB. The PCB comprising a plurality of PCB layers. The method comprising forming a conductive trace on at least one of the plurality of PCB layers; coupling a first portion of the conductive trace to a capacitor formed on at least one of the plurality of PCB layers; coupling a second portion, different from the first portion, of the conductive trace to a conductive material formed within a first via extending through two or more of the plurality of PCB layers; and configurably setting a length of a conductive path of the conductive trace according to a predetermined impedance. The capacitor is separated laterally in a plan view at a first distance from the first via. The length of the conductive trace in the plan view is greater than the first distance. The conductive path of the conductive trace of the length has the predetermined impedance.

A resistor assembly is disclosed and comprises a first conductive trace, a second conductive trace, and a plurality of trimming bridges that electrically couple the first conductive trace to the second conductive trace. The resistor assembly also comprises a thin film resistor electrically coupled to the first conductive trace. The first conductive trace, the second conductive trace, the plurality of trimming bridges, and the thin film resistor are all part of a surface mounted layer of the resistor assembly. The plurality of trimming bridges are each removable to increase a resistance of the thin film resistor.

A resistor assembly is disclosed and comprises a first conductive trace, a second conductive trace, and a plurality of trimming bridges that electrically couple the first conductive trace to the second conductive trace. The resistor assembly also comprises a thin film resistor electrically coupled to the first conductive trace. The first conductive trace, the second conductive trace, the plurality of trimming bridges, and the thin film resistor are all part of a surface mounted layer of the resistor assembly. The plurality of trimming bridges are each removable to increase a resistance of the thin film resistor.

A method of running a printed circuit board (PCB) trace on a PCB. The PCB comprising a plurality of PCB layers. The method comprising forming a conductive trace on at least one of the plurality of PCB layers; coupling a first portion of the conductive trace to a capacitor formed on at least one of the plurality of PCB layers; coupling a second portion, different from the first portion, of the conductive trace to a conductive material formed within a first via extending through two or more of the plurality of PCB layers; and configurably setting a length of a conductive path of the conductive trace according to a predetermined impedance. The capacitor is separated laterally in a plan view at a first distance from the first via. The length of the conductive trace in the plan view is greater than the first distance. The conductive path of the conductive trace of the length has the predetermined impedance.

A high-frequency module 1 includes a component 3a mounted on an upper surface 2a of a substrate 2, a second sealing resin layer 4 stacked on the upper surface 2a of the substrate 2, a component 3b mounted on a lower surface 2b of the substrate 2, a first sealing resin layer 5 stacked on the lower surface 2b of the substrate 2, and a first terminal assembly 6 and a second terminal assembly 7 that are mounted on the lower surface 2b of the substrate 2. The first terminal assembly 6 is mounted on a four-corner portion of the substrate 2 and includes a connection conductor 6a thicker than a connection conductor 7a of the second terminal assembly 7.

Method for providing an electrical connection, comprising connecting a first cable to a first conducting structure on a printed circuit board, connecting a second cable to a second conducting structure on the printed circuit board, comparing a propagation delay of a first signal path comprising the first cable and the first conducting structure on the printed circuit board, and a propagation delay of a second signal path comprising the second cable and the second conducting structure on the printed circuit board; and removing conductive material of the first conducting structure and/or of the second conducting structure, in order to modify an electrical length of the first conducting structure and/or of the second conducting structure, to obtain a first conducting path and a second conducting path, in dependence on a result of the comparison, in order to reduce a difference of the propagation delays between the first signal path and the second signal path.

In an example, monitoring circuitry includes a first and second coupling, at least one of which is to capacitively couple the monitoring circuitry to a monitored circuit on a product packaging. The monitored circuit has a resistance which is indicative of a status of a product stored in the product packaging, and the monitored circuit is to be connected in series between the first coupling and the second coupling. The monitoring apparatus may determine the resistance of the monitored circuit via the first and second couplings.

Some embodiments of the present invention are generally directed to testing connections of a memory device to a circuit board or other device. In one embodiment, a memory device that is configured to facilitate continuity testing between the device and a printed circuit board or other device is disclosed. The memory device includes a substrate and two connection pads that are electrically coupled to one another via a test path. A system and method for testing the connections between a memory device and a circuit board or other device are also disclosed, as are additional techniques for detecting excess temperature and enabling special functionalities using multi-stage connection pads.

First and second sensor elements are arranged on a substrate. First sensor-wiring line is connected to the first sensor element. An insulating film covers the first sensor-wiring line. Second sensor-wiring line is connected to the second sensor element and separated from the first sensor-wiring line by the insulating film in the thickness direction. First and second terminal parts are for being connected to an external circuit board, and are provided at an end of the first sensor-wiring line and at an end of the second sensor-wiring line, respectively. First and second lead lines extend from the first and second terminal parts, respectively. The short-circuit wiring line connects the first and second lead lines to each other.