Provided is an organic EL device, which shows high luminous efficiency, low voltage, and high driving stability. The organic EL device is an organic electroluminescent device having laminated, on a substrate, an anode, organic layers, and a cathode, wherein at least one layer of the organic layers uses materials including a carborane compound having a carborane ring and a biscarbazole ring, and an indolocarbazole compound having one or two indolocarbazole rings. The carborane compound is represented by the following general formula (1) where H.sub.A represents a carborane ring-containing group.

##STR00001##

This invention provides a filter-free tunable spectrum PD with a layered structure of at least two electrodes and two functional layers. Both functional layers can be a layer, a stack of inorganic semiconductors, an organic semiconductor, an organic/polymer donor/acceptor blend, a hybrid semiconductor or their combinations that has a good charge transport property. The first functional layer absorbs the shorter-wavelength EM waves and is transparent to the longer-wavelength EM waves. The second functional layer absorbs the longer-wavelength EM waves. The detection spectrum window is determined by the difference in wavelengths between the transmission cut-off wavelength of the first functional layer and absorbing edge of the second functional layer, or between the absorption edge of the first functional layer and that of the second functional layer. The present PDs can be used in imaging, thermal therapy, night-vision, Li-Fi, optical communication, environmental detection, agricultural, wellness, bioimage, food, automotive and security monitoring.

The present application discloses devices that include a perovskite layer, a first layer that includes an oxide, and an interface layer, where the interface layer is positioned between the first layer and the perovskite layer, the interface layer is in physical contact with both the first layer and the perovskite layer, and the interface layer consists essentially of the oxide.

A polymer solar cell includes an anode electrode, a photoactive layer, an insulating layer, a cathode electrode stacked on each other in that order. The photoactive layer includes a polymer layer and a plurality of carbon nanotubes dispersed in the polymer layer. Each of the plurality of carbon nanotubes includes a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the first end passes through the insulating layer and is in direct contact with the cathode electrode, and the second end is embedded in the polymer layer.

Disclosed are a p-doped conjugated small molecular electrolyte containing a compound represented by Formula 1 and an organic electronic device using the same as a hole transport material.
[Ar.sub.2Ar.sub.1Ar.sub.2].sup.+<Formula 1> wherein, in Formula 1, Ar.sub.1 is any one selected from the following Compound Group 1, Ar.sub.2 is any one selected from the following Compound Group 2a or the following Compound Group 2b, and superscript + in the square bracket indicates an oxidized portion of a main chain of the small molecule.

An organic sensor includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an organic active layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a protective layer between the organic active layer and the second electrode. Capacitance provided of the first electrode, the protective layer, and the second electrode is less than or equal to about 210.sup.10 F.

Provided is an organic compound represented by the general formula [1]: ##STR00001## in the formula [1], R.sub.1 to R.sub.18 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 or more and 18 or less carbon atoms, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 or more and 15 or less carbon atoms, and may be identical to or different from each other, and the plurality of R.sub.17's or the plurality of R.sub.18's may be identical to or different from each other, and the R.sub.1 to the R.sub.18 may each further have a substituent selected from a halogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less.

The invention describes the use of polyphenols and polyamino derivatives adjacent to absorber layers on the basis of small molecules in organic optoelectronic components.

[Object] It is an object of the present invention to provide an organic EL device in which, as a highly efficient and highly durable organic EL material, various materials excelling in electron injection/transport performance, hole blocking performance, hole resistance performance, exciton confinement performance, stability in a film state, and durability, are combined so that properties of each material can be effectively demonstrated, thereby achieving (1) high light emission efficiency and power efficiency, (2) low luminescence starting voltage, (3) low practical driving voltage, and (4) particularly long lifetime.

[Solving Means] An organic EL device including at least a anode, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode in this order, characterized in that the hole blocking layer includes a compound having a benzoazole structure represented by the following general formula (1).

##STR00001##

(In the formula, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 may be the same or different from each other and each represent a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted fused polycyclic aromatic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group. Y.sub.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted fused polycyclic aromatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group, a straight-chained or branched alkyl group that has 1 to 6 carbon atoms and may have a substituent group, a cycloalkyl group that has 5 to 10 carbon atoms and may have a substituent group, or a straight-chained or branched alkenyl group that has 2 to 6 carbon atoms and may have a substituent group. X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 may be the same or different from each other and each represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom).

A photoelectric conversion element including a first electrode, an electron transport layer on the first electrode, a charge transfer layer, and a second electrode is provided. The electron transport layer includes an electron transport compound, and the electron transport compound carries a compound represented by the following formula (1) and a compound represented by the following formula (2): ##STR00001##
where each of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 independently represents oxygen atom, sulfur atom, or selenium atom; R.sub.1 represents methine group; R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group; each of R.sub.3 independently represents an acidic group; m represents an integer of 1 or 2; and each of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 independently represents a group forming a cyclic structure;
R.sub.5R.sub.4COOHFormula (2)
where R.sub.4 represents an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; and R.sub.5 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an alkylthio group, or an aryl ether group.