A photo detector is provided with a metal, a semiconductor, a first electrode, and a second electrode. In addition, a pre-treatment and/or a post-treatment is performed to the photo detector to reduce its noise and hence improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The provided photo detector can quickly respond to short mid-infrared light and generate low noise and high SNR currents.

A photo detector is provided with a metal, a semiconductor, a first electrode, and a second electrode. In addition, a pre-treatment and/or a post-treatment is performed to the photo detector to reduce its noise and hence improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The provided photo detector can quickly respond to short mid-infrared light and generate low noise and high SNR currents.

In various embodiments, an optoelectronic component is provided. The optoelectronic component may include a first electrode having a first electrically conductive substance, a second electrode having a second electrically conductive substance, and at least one active substance. The active substance is formed within a current path of the first electrode and/or the second electrode, and the active substance is set up to convert the first electrically conductive substance and/or the second electrically conductive substance to an electrically nonconductive substance or region.

A detection apparatus is provided for detection of x-ray radiation, with a lower layer arranged between a lower electrode and a middle electrode. In an embodiment, the lower layer includes at least one first perovskite. In an embodiment, a first voltage is able to be applied between the lower electrode and the middle electrode; and an upper layer is arranged between an upper electrode and the middle electrode. The upper layer features at least one second perovskite and a second voltage is able to be applied between the upper electrode and the middle electrode. Finally, an evaluation device, which is coupled to the upper layer and the lower layer, is embodied to detect an interaction of x-ray radiation with the first perovskite and an interaction of x-ray radiation with the second perovskite.

Various embodiments may relate to an electronic structure, including at least one organic layer, at least one metal growth layer grown onto the organic layer, and at least one metal layer grown on the metal growth layer. The at least one metal growth layer contains germanium. Various embodiments further relate to a method for producing the electronic structure.

There is provided a metal foil suitable for an electrode substrate for an electronic element, which makes it possible to suppress oxidation of the ultra-smooth surface and also prevent roll scratches when wound in a roll. The metal foil of the present invention is made of copper or copper alloy. The front surface of the metal foil has an ultra-smooth surface profile having an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 30 nm or less as determined in accordance with JIS B 0601-2001. The back surface of the metal has a concave-dominant surface profile having a Pv/Pp ratio of 1.5 or more, the Pv/Pp ratio being a ratio of a maximum profile valley depth Pv to a maximum profile peak height Pp of a profile curve as determined in a rectangular area of 181 μm by 136 μm in accordance with JIS B 0601-2001.

A combined solar recharging thin-film charge storage device and a method of its manufacture, wherein charge generation and storage are achieved within the same multilayer stack by providing a layer which functions as a photoactive layer and at the same time comprises ions towards which it is ion-permeable and separates physical contact between two electrodes. Accordingly, a simple device structure is provided which may be manufactured easily and cost-efficiently and which allows easy integration with other components.

An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell that is excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, suffers little degradation during encapsulation (initial degradation), has high-temperature durability, and is excellent in temperature cycle resistance. The present invention provides a solar cell including: a laminate having an electrode, a counter electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode; and an encapsulation material covering the counter electrode to encapsulate the laminate, the photoelectric conversion layer including an organic-inorganic perovskite compound represented by the formula: R-M-X.sub.3, R representing an organic molecule, M representing a metal atom, X representing a halogen atom or a chalcogen atom, the encapsulation material including a (meth)acrylic resin having a C atom/O atom ratio of 4 or more in the molecule.

It discloses a perovskite optoelectronic device which includes a substrate, electrode layers and functional layers. The electrode layer is deposited on the substrate, the functional layer is deposited between the electrode layers, and the functional layer at least includes a perovskite layer, wherein the perovskite layer is a perovskite material possessing a self-organized multiple quantum well structure. By adjusting material components, controllable adjustment of the structure of the multiple quantum wells and effective energy transfer between the multiple quantum wells can be implemented, and light emitting color may be near-ultraviolet light, visible light and near-infrared light; moreover, the problems of low coverage and poor stability of the existing perovskite films can be effectively solved.

Apparatus for spectrometrically capturing light includes a wavelength-adjustable filter for converting spectral information into location information and an organic photodiode for converting the location information into electrical signals which can be forwarded, wherein the filter and the organic photodiode form a one-piece monolith, the organic photodiode is connected to the filter or the organic photodiode is integrated in the filter, the filter consists of at least one spectrally resolving element in the form of at least one layer-like photonic crystal which constitutes the monolith and in which two layers of variable thickness D are formed along a direction perpendicular to the incidence of light. A resonant layer is arranged between the two layers. The organic photodiode includes: a photoactive layer, a first electrode, and a second electrode sandwiching the photoactive layer, and one of the electrodes is in contact with the photonic crystal.