Solar cell modules and methods of fabrication are described. In an embodiment, a pair of tandem solar cells are a step surface or trench within the top subcell of a tandem solar cell is at least partially filled with another material such as an insulator support or electrically conductive support to transfer stress away from the absorber layer of the top subcell of the tandem solar cells when stacked or connected with ribbon.

Solar cell modules and methods of fabrication are described. In an embodiment, a pair of tandem solar cells are a step surface or trench within the top subcell of a tandem solar cell is at least partially filled with another material such as an insulator support or electrically conductive support to transfer stress away from the absorber layer of the top subcell of the tandem solar cells when stacked or connected with ribbon.

Solar cell modules and methods of fabrication are described. In an embodiment, a pair of tandem solar cells are a step surface or trench within the top subcell of a tandem solar cell is at least partially filled with another material such as an insulator support or electrically conductive support to transfer stress away from the absorber layer of the top subcell of the tandem solar cells when stacked or connected with ribbon.

Solar cell modules and methods of fabrication are described. In an embodiment, a pair of tandem solar cells are a step surface or trench within the top subcell of a tandem solar cell is at least partially filled with another material such as an insulator support or electrically conductive support to transfer stress away from the absorber layer of the top subcell of the tandem solar cells when stacked or connected with ribbon.

A solar cell module includes a substrate, a first electrode layer provided to the substrate, a photoelectric conversion layer provided to the first electrode layer, a second electrode layer provided to the photoelectric conversion layer, an extraction electrode layer, and a sealing layer. The sealing layer has an opening in a region that corresponds to the extraction electrode layer. When the substrate is viewed in plan view from the surface where the photoelectric conversion layer is provided, the extraction electrode layer is exposed from the opening and the sealing part covers the peripheral edge part of the extraction electrode layer.

A photoelectric conversion module is a photoelectric conversion module including a translucent substrate and one or more photoelectric conversion elements formed on the translucent substrate, wherein each of the photoelectric conversion elements is formed by stacking a transparent conductive film, a first charge transport layer, a power generation layer, and a second charge transport layer made of a porous film containing a carbon material, in this order from the side of the translucent substrate, and a portion of the second charge transport layer of at least one of the photoelectric conversion elements, the portion facing another transparent conductive film adjacent to the transparent conductive film of the photoelectric conversion element is electrically connected to the other transparent conductive film via a conductive layer that is thicker than a thickness of adding up the first charge transport layer and the power generation layer.

A photoelectric conversion module is a photoelectric conversion module including a translucent substrate and one or more photoelectric conversion elements formed on the translucent substrate, wherein each of the photoelectric conversion elements is formed by stacking a transparent conductive film, a first charge transport layer, a power generation layer, and a second charge transport layer made of a porous film containing a carbon material, in this order from the side of the translucent substrate, and a portion of the second charge transport layer of at least one of the photoelectric conversion elements, the portion facing another transparent conductive film adjacent to the transparent conductive film of the photoelectric conversion element is electrically connected to the other transparent conductive film via a conductive layer that is thicker than a thickness of adding up the first charge transport layer and the power generation layer.

The present invention provides an organic photodiode (OPD) and a manufacturing method thereof. The OPD includes: a device, which is formed in a substrate; an interconnect structure, which is formed on the device and is connected to the device; a bottom electrode, which is formed on the interconnect structure, and is connected to a taper plate of the interconnect structure, wherein the bottom electrode is completely formed within an upper surface of the taper plate, and wherein a contact area between the bottom electrode and the taper plate is of a same order of magnitude as a pixel size, while the upper surface of the taper plate exceeds the pixel size; and an organic layer, which is formed on the bottom electrode, and is connected to the bottom electrode.

The present invention provides an organic photodiode (OPD) and a manufacturing method thereof. The OPD includes: a device, which is formed in a substrate; an interconnect structure, which is formed on the device and is connected to the device; a bottom electrode, which is formed on the interconnect structure, and is connected to a taper plate of the interconnect structure, wherein the bottom electrode is completely formed within an upper surface of the taper plate, and wherein a contact area between the bottom electrode and the taper plate is of a same order of magnitude as a pixel size, while the upper surface of the taper plate exceeds the pixel size; and an organic layer, which is formed on the bottom electrode, and is connected to the bottom electrode.

Photovoltaic devices having contact layers are described herein. Devices, intermediate structures, and methods for making multilayer contacts for perovskite photovoltaic devices are provided. Embodiments include back contacts for N-I-P structures.