The present disclosure relates to a photovoltaic device that includes a first contact layer having a first thickness, a first charge transport layer (CTL) having a second thickness positioned over a surface of the first contact layer, an absorber layer having a third thickness positioned over a surface of the first CTL, a second CTL having a fourth thickness positioned over a surface of the absorber layer, a second contact layer having fifth thickness positioned over a surface of the second CTL, a barrier layer having a sixth thickness, an encapsulation layer, and a first scribe line defined by at least one surface. Further, at least a portion of the barrier layer is positioned between the encapsulation layer and the second CTL, the at least one surface of the scribe line comprises at least a portion of the third thickness, fourth thickness, fifth thickness, and/or at least a portion of the second thickness, and the barrier layer is disposed over at least a portion of the at least one surface formed by the first scribe line.

A solar cell according to some embodiments of the present disclosure includes a first photoelectric conversion portion, a second photoelectric conversion portion, a side insulating layer, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The first photoelectric conversion portion includes a photoelectric conversion layer including a perovskite compound, a first transport layer on one side of the photoelectric conversion layer, and a second transport layer on the other side of the photoelectric conversion layer, the second photoelectric conversion portion is arranged below the second transport layer of the first photoelectric conversion portion and has a different material or structure from the first photoelectric conversion portion, the side insulating layer is formed on at least one side surface of the first photoelectric conversion portion, the first electrode is electrically connected to the first photoelectric conversion portion on one surface of the first photoelectric conversion portion serving as a light-receiving surface, and the second electrode is electrically connected to the second photoelectric conversion portion below the second photoelectric conversion portion. Therefore, a solar cell module that includes a photoelectric conversion portion including a perovskite compound, is further provided with a tandem structure provided with another photoelectric conversion portion having a different material or structure, and has excellent efficiency and reliability can be provided. In addition, a short-circuit current can be drastically reduced to ? of an existing level while an active region of the solar cell with a tandem structure is ensured to a maximum extent.

A photoelectric conversion device of an embodiment includes: a first photoelectric conversion part including a first transparent electrode, a first organic active layer, and a first counter electrode; and a second photoelectric conversion part including a second transparent electrode, a second organic active layer, and a second counter electrode, which are provided on a transparent substrate. A conductive layer is formed on a partial region, of the second transparent electrode, which is adjacent to the first transparent electrode. The first counter electrode and the second transparent electrode are electrically connected by a connection part including a groove formed from a surface of the second organic active layer to reach an inside of the conductive layer and a part of the first counter electrode filled in the groove.

The present invention provides a perovskite solar cell module including: a light-transparent substrate, a plurality of solar cells, a plurality of insulating units, and a plurality of connecting units. Each solar cell is constituted by a transparent conductive layer, a first carrier conducting layer, a perovskite layer, and a second carrier conducting layer. By changing the ratio of area where the light is harvested for the perovskite layer, the photon absorption in the present invention therefore increases. Additionally, by changing the relevant position of the transparent conductive layer and the first carrier conducting layer, it renders the side surface of the transparent conductive layer be entirely covered by the first carrier conducting layer; thus, the usage of carriers is enhanced. The above two adoptions further enhance the efficiency of the module. Moreover, the insulating units are in the structure of distributed Bragg reflection and therefore can increase the photon absorption efficiency of the perovskite layer. Last but not least, the present invention further accomplishes the goal to manufacture a large-area perovskite solar cell module in order to meet the commercial demand.

Systems and methods for organic semiconductor devices with sputtered contact layers are provided. In one embodiment, an organic semiconductor device comprises: a first contact layer (140) comprising a first sputter-deposited transparent conducting oxide; an electron transport layer (130) interfacing with the first contact layer; a second contact layer (110) comprising a second sputter-deposited transparent conducting oxide; a hole transport layer interfacing with the second contact layer; and an organic semiconductor active layer (120) having a first side facing the electron transport layer and an opposing second side facing the hole transport layer; wherein either the electron transport layer or the hole transport layer comprises a buffering transport layer.

A solar cell module includes a substrate, and first and second cells connected in series. The first and second cells each include a first electrode, a first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer and a second electrode stacked in this order on the substrate. The first semiconductor layer contains an oxide of a first metal and includes first and second portions. A groove separates the second semiconductor layers of the first and second cells. The groove and the first portion entirely overlap each other in a plan view. The first portion contains a second metal different from the first metal. A ratio of a number of atoms of the second metal to a number of atoms of all metals in the first portion is grater than a ratio of a number of atoms of the second metal to a number of atoms of all metals in the second portion.

A solar cell module according to an embodiment includes: a light transmissive first substrate; a second substrate; at least one cell array disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the cell array including a plurality of cells arranged, each of the cells including a first electrode disposed on the first substrate, an organic photoelectric conversion film disposed on the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the organic photoelectric conversion film; a plurality of light transmissive partition walls disposed at portions on the first substrate, the portions being located between adjacent ones of the cells and at both end portions of the cell array; and a first resin film disposed between the second substrate and each of the cells between adjacent ones of the partition walls, the cells being connected in series.

A process of forming an electrode interconnection between at least two adjacent unit devices in an integrated multilayer thin-film electronic device comprising: providing an intermediary device that comprises: a first electrode layer on a thin film substrate comprising a first patterned coating that includes at least two spaced apart first electrode sections of adjacent unit devices; a first functional layer comprising a substantially continuous coating over the first electrode layer; and a second functional layer comprising a second patterned coating on the first functional layer comprising at least two spaced apart functional sections, each functional section positioned on the first functional layer to overlay a portion of one of the first electrode sections so to define a gap portion between adjacent functional sections that includes a portion of that first electrode section and the first functional layer; and applying a second electrode layer over the second functional layer as a third patterned coating that includes at least two spaced apart second electrode sections of adjacent unit devices, each second electrode section being positioned to overlay at least one functional section of the second functional layer and a portion of an adjoining gap portion that includes at least one portion of the first electrode section of an adjacent unit device, the third patterned coating being formed using a solution including a conductive species and at least a first solvent, wherein the first functional layer is soluble in the first solvent and the second functional layer has a low to zero solubility in the first solvent, such that application of the second electrode layer to the gap portion forms at least one electrically conductive path through the first functional layer between the first electrode and the second electrode of adjacent unit devices.

A photoelectric conversion element includes: a substrate having an element formation surface; a first electrode provided on the element formation surface and extending along one direction of the element formation surface up to an end portion of the element formation surface; a photoelectric conversion layer provided above the first electrode and including a first region having a first thickness and a second region extending from an end portion of the first region up to an end portion of the first electrode and having a second thickness larger than the first thickness; and a second electrode provided above the first and second regions and extending up to an end portion of the photoelectric conversion layer.

In accordance with one embodiment, there is provided a photovoltaic cell module including a plurality of photovoltaic cell structures including a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer which are disposed on a common photoelectric conversion layer so that electromotive force polarities are alternately different, wherein the photovoltaic cell structures are electrically connected in series.