A detection device includes a photoelectric conversion portion in which a plurality of photodiodes are arranged in a planar shape, a light source configured to irradiate the photodiodes with light, and a heating electrode provided so as to face the photoelectric conversion portion, and configured to generate heat and conduct the heat to the photoelectric conversion portion.

A flexible photovoltaic thin film device is provided, the flexible photovoltaic thin film device comprising: a support film; wires, the support film retaining the wires, the wires terminating in at least one contact point; and a plurality of flexible photovoltaic thin film stacks adhered on the support film and electrically connected to the wires, each flexible photovoltaic thin film stack comprising, in order, an outer protective layer, an outer electrode layer, an electron transport layer, a semi-conductor perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, an inner electrode layer and an adherent layer.

A flexible photovoltaic thin film device is provided, the flexible photovoltaic thin film device comprising: a support film; wires, the support film retaining the wires, the wires terminating in at least one contact point; and a plurality of flexible photovoltaic thin film stacks adhered on the support film and electrically connected to the wires, each flexible photovoltaic thin film stack comprising, in order, an outer protective layer, an outer electrode layer, an electron transport layer, a semi-conductor perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, an inner electrode layer and an adherent layer.

A solar cell and a method of forming the same are provided. The solar cell includes a substrate, and a plurality of unit cells each including a first electrode, an active layer, and a second electrode. The unit cells are spaced from one another to expose the substrate. Accordingly, using an insulating structure or non-power generation area where the unit cells are spaced from one another such that the substrate is exposed, it is possible to minimize leakage current, and to increase power generation efficiency.

A solar cell and a method of forming the same are provided. The solar cell includes a substrate, and a plurality of unit cells each including a first electrode, an active layer, and a second electrode. The unit cells are spaced from one another to expose the substrate. Accordingly, using an insulating structure or non-power generation area where the unit cells are spaced from one another such that the substrate is exposed, it is possible to minimize leakage current, and to increase power generation efficiency.

Solar cell interconnect with bypass diodes are described. In an embodiment, a semiconductor-based bypass layer is formed over a top electrode layer of a solar cell and spans over a vertical interconnect providing vertical interconnection between the bottom electrode layer and top electrode layer of serial solar cells. A bypass electrode layer is formed over the semiconductor-based bypass layer and in contact with the top electrode layer for one of the solar cells.

The present inventive concept relates to a method of manufacturing a tandem solar cell, the method including: a step of preparing a perovskite solar cell, including a first conductive charge transporting layer, a light absorption layer, and a second conductive charge transporting layer, on a substrate; a step of forming a partition part in the perovskite solar cell to form a first perovskite unit solar cell and a second perovskite unit solar cell; a step of forming a contact part in the first perovskite unit solar cell to expose a certain region of the first perovskite unit solar cell; a step of forming a buffer layer in a top surface of each of the first perovskite unit solar cell and the second perovskite unit solar cell; a step of preparing a plurality of second solar cells; a step of bonding the plurality of second solar cells to the buffer layer to form a first unit tandem solar cell where the first perovskite unit solar cell, the buffer layer, and the second solar cell are sequentially stacked and a second unit tandem solar cell where the second perovskite unit solar cell, the buffer layer, and the second solar cell are sequentially stacked; and a step of electrically connecting the first unit tandem solar cell to the second unit tandem solar cell.

The present inventive concept relates to a method of manufacturing a tandem solar cell, the method including: a step of preparing a perovskite solar cell, including a first conductive charge transporting layer, a light absorption layer, and a second conductive charge transporting layer, on a substrate; a step of forming a partition part in the perovskite solar cell to form a first perovskite unit solar cell and a second perovskite unit solar cell; a step of forming a contact part in the first perovskite unit solar cell to expose a certain region of the first perovskite unit solar cell; a step of forming a buffer layer in a top surface of each of the first perovskite unit solar cell and the second perovskite unit solar cell; a step of preparing a plurality of second solar cells; a step of bonding the plurality of second solar cells to the buffer layer to form a first unit tandem solar cell where the first perovskite unit solar cell, the buffer layer, and the second solar cell are sequentially stacked and a second unit tandem solar cell where the second perovskite unit solar cell, the buffer layer, and the second solar cell are sequentially stacked; and a step of electrically connecting the first unit tandem solar cell to the second unit tandem solar cell.

A solar cell module of an embodiment comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a photoelectric conversion layer, a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and an extraction electrode layer. The extraction electrode layer includes a metal layer and a transparent conductive layer that are stacked on each other, and is provided in a region on the first substrate that does not overlap the photoelectric conversion layer when the substrate is viewed in plan. The solar cell module further comprises a glass frit portion provided between the second substrate and the extraction electrode layer.

The present inventive concept provides a solar cell and a method for manufacturing the solar cell. The solar cell comprises a solar cell layer on a substrate and an encapsulation layer provided on the solar cell layer. The encapsulation layer comprises a metal oxide doped with a dopant material or a metal oxynitride doped with a dopant material; and the metal oxide or the metal oxynitride comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of W, Nb, and Sn.