Provided are compounds, formulations comprising compounds, and devices that utilize compounds, where the devices include a substrate, a first electrode, an organic emissive layer comprising an organic emissive material disposed over the first electrode. The device includes an enhancement layer, comprising a plasmonic material exhibiting surface plasmon resonance that non-radiatively couples to the organic emissive material and transfers excited state energy from the organic emissive material to the non-radiative mode of surface plasmon polaritons. The enhancement layer is provided no more than a threshold distance away from the organic emissive layer, where the organic emissive material has a total non-radiative decay rate constant and a total radiative decay rate constant due to the presence of the enhancement layer. At least one of the organic emissive material and the organic emissive layer has a vertical dipole ratio (VDR) value of equal or greater than 0.33.

An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The electronic device may include a plurality of transparent windows that overlap the optical sensor. Each transparent window may be devoid of thin-film transistors and other display components. The plurality of transparent windows is configured to increase the transmittance of light through the display to the sensor. The transparent windows may have non-periodic portions to mitigate diffraction artifacts in light that passes through the display to the optical sensor. The transparent windows may be shifted by a random amount in a random direction relative to a grid defining point and/or may be randomly rotated to increase the non-periodicity. A transparency gradient may be formed between the transparent windows and the surrounding opaque portion of the display. The transparent windows may be defined by non-linear edges.

Embodiments of the disclosed subject matter provide a full-color pixel arrangement for a device, the full-color pixel arrangement including a plurality of sub-pixels, each having an emissive region of a first color, where the full-color pixel arrangement comprises emissive regions having exactly one emissive color that is a red-shifted color of a deep blue sub-pixel of the plurality of sub-pixels. Embodiments of the disclosed subject matter may also provide a full-color pixel arrangement for a device, the full-color pixel arrangement including a plurality of sub-pixels, each having an emissive region of a first color, where the full-color pixel arrangement comprises emissive regions having exactly one emissive color, and where the plurality of sub-pixels comprise a light blue sub-pixel, a deep blue sub-pixel, a red sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel.

Embodiments of the disclosed subject matter provide a full-color pixel arrangement for a device, the full-color pixel arrangement including a plurality of sub-pixels, each having an emissive region of a first color, where the full-color pixel arrangement comprises emissive regions having exactly one emissive color that is a red-shifted color of a deep blue sub-pixel of the plurality of sub-pixels. Embodiments of the disclosed subject matter may also provide a full-color pixel arrangement for a device, the full-color pixel arrangement including a plurality of sub-pixels, each having an emissive region of a first color, where the full-color pixel arrangement comprises emissive regions having exactly one emissive color, and where the plurality of sub-pixels comprise a light blue sub-pixel, a deep blue sub-pixel, a red sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel.

An opto-electronic device comprises light transmissive regions extending through it along a first axis to allow passage of light therethrough. The transmissive regions may be arranged along a plurality of transverse configuration axes. Emissive regions may lie between adjacent transmissive regions along a plurality of configuration axes to emit light from the device. Each transmissive region has a lateral closed boundary having a shape to alter at least one characteristic of a diffraction pattern exhibited when light is transmitted through the device to mitigate interference by such pattern. An opaque coating may comprise at least one aperture defining a corresponding transmissive region to preclude transmission of light therethrough other than through the transmissive region(s). The device can form a face of a user device having a body and housing a transceiver positioned to receive light along at least one light transmissive region.

An opto-electronic device comprises light transmissive regions extending through it along a first axis to allow passage of light therethrough. The transmissive regions may be arranged along a plurality of transverse configuration axes. Emissive regions may lie between adjacent transmissive regions along a plurality of configuration axes to emit light from the device. Each transmissive region has a lateral closed boundary having a shape to alter at least one characteristic of a diffraction pattern exhibited when light is transmitted through the device to mitigate interference by such pattern. An opaque coating may comprise at least one aperture defining a corresponding transmissive region to preclude transmission of light therethrough other than through the transmissive region(s). The device can form a face of a user device having a body and housing a transceiver positioned to receive light along at least one light transmissive region.

The present application provides a display panel and a display device, the display panel includes a light extraction layer and a cover layer, wherein the light extraction layer is located on a side of the cover layer close to a pixel definition layer, a light modulation structure includes a plurality of light extraction units, each of the light extraction units includes a first sub-unit and a second sub-unit, wherein the light extraction layer includes a light extraction opening and the first sub-unit, the second sub-unit is located in the cover layer, and a refractive index of the first sub-unit is smaller than a refractive index of the second sub-unit.

A display apparatus may include: a substrate including a first sub-pixel area; an overcoat layer on the substrate and having a plurality of concave portions in the first sub-pixel area; and a bank layer on the overcoat layer and having a first opening to define a first light light-emitting area in the first sub-pixel area. The overcoat layer may include two first flat areas having a flat surface in the first light-emitting area, the concave portions being absent in the two first flat areas.

A display apparatus includes: a substrate including a plurality of sub-pixels; an organic light emitting element formed in each of the plurality of sub-pixels; a light control member including a light control pattern disposed in each of the plurality of sub-pixels, and an air layer between adjacent light control patterns; and a color filter layer disposed on the light control member.

A display device may include a pixel electrode, a pixel defining layer on the pixel electrode and having a pixel opening that exposes at least a portion of the pixel electrode, an emission layer on the pixel electrode in the pixel opening, an opposite electrode on the emission layer, a first refractive layer on the opposite electrode and having a refractive opening, the first refractive layer having a first refractive index, and a second refractive layer on the first refractive layer and having a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index. A maximum inclination angle of a sidewall of the first refractive layer exposed by the refractive opening with respect to a lower surface of the first refractive layer may be between about 65 degrees and about 90 degrees.