A method of patterning a substrate includes applying a first potential to a spray nozzle, applying a second potential to at least one first cell electrode among a plurality of cell electrodes on a first surface of the substrate, applying a third potential to at least one second cell electrode excluding the at least one first cell electrode among the cell electrodes, and applying a fourth potential to a second surface that is opposite to the first surface of the substrate.

An organic electroluminescence display device includes: a lower electrode that is made of a conductive inorganic material and formed in each of pixels arranged in a matrix in a display area; a light-emitting organic layer that is in contact with the lower electrode and made of a plurality of different organic material layers including a light-emitting layer emitting light; an upper electrode that is in contact with the light-emitting organic layer, formed so as to cover the whole of the display area, and made of a conductive inorganic material; and a conductive organic layer that is in contact with the upper electrode, formed so as to cover the whole of the display area, and made of a conductive organic material.

An organic electroluminescence display device includes: a lower electrode that is made of a conductive inorganic material and formed in each of pixels arranged in a matrix in a display area; a light-emitting organic layer that is in contact with the lower electrode and made of a plurality of different organic material layers including a light-emitting layer emitting light; an upper electrode that is in contact with the light-emitting organic layer, formed so as to cover the whole of the display area, and made of a conductive inorganic material; and a conductive organic layer that is in contact with the upper electrode, formed so as to cover the whole of the display area, and made of a conductive organic material.

A display device includes a plurality of first electrodes electrically connected to pixel circuits disposed on a substrate; a pixel defining layer defining a plurality of opening regions, each of the opening regions exposing a portion of each of the first electrodes; a plurality of light emitting layers respectively disposed on the first electrodes in the opening regions; a second electrode covering the light emitting layers and the pixel defining layer; an encapsulation layer disposed on the second electrode; and a plurality of light blocking patterns disposed on the encapsulation layer between the opening regions adjacent to each other in a first direction.

A display device includes a plurality of first electrodes electrically connected to pixel circuits disposed on a substrate; a pixel defining layer defining a plurality of opening regions, each of the opening regions exposing a portion of each of the first electrodes; a plurality of light emitting layers respectively disposed on the first electrodes in the opening regions; a second electrode covering the light emitting layers and the pixel defining layer; an encapsulation layer disposed on the second electrode; and a plurality of light blocking patterns disposed on the encapsulation layer between the opening regions adjacent to each other in a first direction.

A display device with a narrow bezel is provided. The display device includes a pixel circuit and a driver circuit provided on one plane. The driver circuit includes a selection circuit and a buffer circuit. The buffer circuit includes a first transistor and a second transistor. Sources of the first and second transistors are electrically connected with each other. Drains of the first and second transistors are electrically connected with each other. Gates of the first and second transistors are electrically connected with each other. The first transistor and the second transistor are stacked so that the direction of the current flow in the first transistor is parallel to that in the second transistor.

Organic compounds containing indolocarbazoles as electron donor connected with electron acceptors such aza-triphenylene or dibenzoquinoxaline that can improve the performance of phosphorescent organic light emitting devices are disclosed.

A display apparatus includes a first pixel, a second pixel, and a third pixel which emit light of different colors from one another, a first insulating layer on a first display element of the first pixel, and a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer. The first insulating layer defines a first opening portion corresponding to the first display element, the second insulating layer defines a first opening corresponding to the first opening portion, and the first opening portion has a first extension portion which extends in a first direction and at least partially exposes the second insulating layer.

A fingerprint sensor includes: a substrate; a circuit element layer on a first surface of the substrate and including a plurality of conductive layers; a light emitting element layer on the circuit element layer and including light emitting elements and a light shielding layer; and a light sensor layer on a second surface of the substrate and including light sensors, wherein the light shielding layer includes contact holes exposing first electrodes of the light emitting elements, and first opening portions exposing a portion of the circuit element layer, and the circuit element layer includes second opening portions formed in the plurality of conductive layers and includes a light transmission hole of which at least a portion overlaps the first opening portions.

A pixel arrangement structure, a display panel and a mask assembly. The pixel arrangement structure includes a plurality of repeat units arranged in an array, each of the repeat units is an N polygon, N≥4 and N is an even number, the repeat unit includes: a first pixel group including at least two first sub-pixels; at least two second pixel groups, each of the second pixel groups includes two second sub-pixels; and at least two third pixel groups, each of the third pixel groups includes two third sub-pixels, the at least two second pixel groups and the at least two third pixel groups are alternately arranged on a peripheral side of the first pixel group.