A manufacturing method of a display apparatus, in which a defect rate in a manufacturing process is reduced and product reliability is increased, and a display apparatus manufactured according to the method are provided. The manufacturing method includes: forming a first pixel electrode on a substrate; forming an insulating layer; forming a first dam portion; forming a first lift-off layer; forming a first mask layer; forming a first intermediate layer; forming a first opposite electrode; forming a first insulating protective layer; and removing the first dam portion.

A display apparatus includes a display area and a transmission area on a substrate, and an intermediate area arranged between the display area and the transmission area and including a first sub-intermediate area and a second sub-intermediate area between the first sub-intermediate area and the transmission area, and a number of layers of thin films stacked on the substrate in the first sub-intermediate area is different from a number of layers of thin films stacked on the substrate in the second sub-intermediate area.

The present disclosure discloses a pixel defining layer and a manufacturing method thereof, an array substrate and a display device, and belongs to the field of display technology. The pixel defining layer includes a plurality of pixel defining structures arranged in an array, wherein the pixel defining structure includes a first bottom surface and a second bottom surface opposite each other, and a side surface located between the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface. Since the side surface is non-planar, the structure between the side surface and the bottom surface close to the base substrate constitutes a capillary structure. During the inkjet printing process, the solution in which the organic light emitting material is dissolved can spread more evenly under the attraction of the capillary structure.

A display apparatus having improved reliability and preventing or reducing damage to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and a method of manufacturing the display apparatus by arranging a protective layer on an opposite electrode during a photo-patterning process, are provided. The display apparatus includes: a substrate; a pixel electrode on the substrate; a pixel defining layer on the pixel electrode, the pixel defining layer having a first opening that exposes a center of the pixel electrode; an auxiliary electrode on the pixel defining layer; an intermediate layer on the pixel electrode; an opposite electrode facing the pixel electrode with the intermediate layer therebetween; a first protective layer on the opposite electrode; and a contact electrode on the first protective layer, the contact electrode electrically contacting the auxiliary electrode and the opposite electrode.

A display apparatus includes: a base substrate including a display area, an opening area, and an opening peripheral area between the opening area and the display area, wherein the display area surrounds the opening area, and the opening peripheral area has an annular shape; a conductive pattern disposed on the base substrate in the opening peripheral area and having an annular shape; and a light emitting layer disposed on the base substrate and in a portion of the opening peripheral area, and including an organic material, and wherein the light emitting layer is not formed at a portion of opening peripheral area that is adjacent to the opening area.

An organic light-emitting display apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof have improved process stability and reliability by reducing damage to the organic light-emitting display apparatus during a manufacturing process. The organic light-emitting display apparatus includes: a substrate, a plurality of pixel electrodes, a pixel defining film, a plurality of hole control layers respectively arranged on the pixel electrodes, a plurality of emission layers respectively arranged on the hole control layers, a plurality of buffer layers respectively arranged on the emission layers, each of the buffer layers having a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level greater than the HOMO energy level of each of the plurality of emission layers, and an opposite electrode integrally provided over the buffer layers.

A method of manufacturing a display apparatus includes: forming a first lower lift-off layer, a first upper lift-off layer, and a first photoresist layer on a substrate on which a first pixel electrode is formed; forming a first masking layer including a first photoresist pattern, a first upper lift-off pattern, and a first lower lift-off pattern, which expose the first pixel electrode, by partially removing the first photoresist layer, the first upper lift-off layer, and the first lower lift-off layer; forming a first light emitting layer and a first counter electrode on the first pixel electrode by using the first masking layer; forming a first passivation layer on the first counter electrode; and removing the first masking layer.

An organic light-emitting display apparatus including: a substrate; a plurality of first electrodes spaced apart from each other on the substrate; a plurality of organic functional layers respectively covering an upper surface and side surfaces of the plurality of first electrodes, each of the plurality of organic functional layers including an emission layer; a first bank disposed between the plurality of organic functional layers and not directly contacting the plurality of first electrodes; and a second electrode disposed on the plurality of organic functional layers.

An organic light-emitting display apparatus includes: a substrate; first and second pixel electrodes on the substrate and spaced from each other; an insulating layer between the first and second pixel electrodes, the insulating layer covering ends of the first and second pixel electrodes, and having a step height difference; an auxiliary electrode on the insulating layer; first and second intermediate layers on the first and second pixel electrodes, the first and second intermediate layers being spaced from each other, and including first and second light-emitting layers, respectively; first and second opposite electrodes on the first and second intermediate layers, the first and second opposite electrodes being spaced from each other, and in contact with the auxiliary electrode; and first and second passivation layers on the first and second opposite electrodes, the first and second passivation layers being spaced from each other, and covering the first and second opposite electrodes, respectively.

An optoelectronic device includes a semiconductor substrate, wherein a first transport layer is formed on a first partial region of the semiconductor substrate; a first insulation layer is formed on a second partial region around the first partial region; the first transport layer is formed on the first insulation layer; an interface layer is formed on the first transport layer; a light-emitting material layer containing perovskite material is formed on the interface layer; a second insulation layer is formed on the light-emitting material layer in the second partial region and on the light-emitting material layer near a second partial region side in the first partial region, so that the characteristic size of a single light-emitting pixel or effective working region is adjustable.