A polymer, a quantum dot composition, and a light-emitting device employing the same are provided. The polymer includes a first repeat unit that has a structure represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001##

wherein the definitions of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, and Z.sup.1 and n are as defined in the specification.

A light emitting device having excellent external quantum efficiency contains an anode, a cathode, and two organic layers disposed therebetween. One layer contains a phosphorescent transition metal complex and a low molecular weight compound containing no transition metal, and the second layer contains a crosslinked body of a polymer compound (having an energy level of the lowest triplet excited state of 2.30 eV or more) containing a constitutional unit having a crosslinking group. The low molecular weight compound has formula (T-1) and the absolute value of the difference between the energy levels of the lowest triplet excited state and the lowest singlet excited state is less than 0.25 eV. ##STR00001##
n.sup.T1 represents an integer of 0 to 5, n.sup.T2 represents an integer of 1 to 10, Ar.sup.T1 represents a substituted amino group or a monovalent hetero ring group, L.sup.T1 represents an alkylene group, and Ar.sup.T2 represents a hetero ring group.

A fluorinated polymer suitable for deposition and capable of favorable metal patterning, is provided. A resin film containing such a fluorinated polymer as a material is provided. Further, a photoelectronic element having such a resin film in its structure is provided.

A fluorinated polymer which satisfies the following requirements (1) to (3): (1) the melting point is less than 200° C., or no melting point is observed, (2) the thermogravimetric loss rate when the temperature is increased at a temperature-increasing rate of 2° C./min under a pressure of 1×10.sup.−3 Pa, substantially reaches 100% at 400° C. or lower, (3) when the temperature is increased at a temperature-increasing rate of 2° C./min under a pressure of 1×10.sup.−3 Pa, the temperature width from a temperature at which the thermogravimetric loss rate is 10% to a temperature at which it is 90%, is within 200° C.

Described herein is a printed photovoltaic cell comprising an anode; an LEP printed cathode; and an LEP printed photovoltaic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The photovoltaic layer comprises a material with a perovskite structure having a chemical formula selected from ABX.sub.3 and A.sub.2BX.sub.6 and a thermoplastic resin comprising a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and a monomer having acidic side groups; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide; and/or a copolymer of an alkylene monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer comprising an epoxide, and a monomer selected from a monomer having acidic side groups, a monomer having ester side groups and a mixture thereof. The printed cathode comprises: a thermoplastic resin; and electrically conductive metal particles. Also described herein is a method of producing the printed photovoltaic cell and an ink set for use in the method.

An organic semiconductor device is revealed. The organic semiconductor device includes a first electrode, an electron transport layer, an active layer, a hole transport layer, and a second electrode. The active layer includes an electron donor and at least one electron acceptor. The energy barrier between HOMO level of the electron donor and the energy level of PEDOT:PSS or derivatives in the electron transport layer is less than 0.4 eV. The use of the organic semiconductor device and a formulation of materials for the active layer are also disclosed.

The invention relates to novel organic semiconducting compounds containing a polycyclic unit, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to compositions, polymer blends and formulations containing them, to the use of the compounds, compositions and polymer blends as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD), organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE, OPV, PSC, OPD, OFET and OLED devices comprising these compounds, compositions or polymer blends.

An organic electronic material containing a charge transport compound having at least one of the structural regions represented by formulas (1), (2) and (3) shown below. In the formulas, Ar represents an arylene group or heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a represents an integer of 1 to 6, b represents an integer of 2 to 6, c represents an integer of 2 to 6, and X represents a substituted or unsubstituted polymerizable functional group.
—Ar—O—(CH.sub.2).sub.a—O—CH.sub.2—X  (1)
—Ar—(CH.sub.2).sub.b—O—CH.sub.2—X  (2)
—Ar—O—(CH.sub.2).sub.c—X  (3)

The present application relates to a photoactive composition comprising a blend of polymers. The present application further relates to an organic photovoltaic cell or an organic photodetector comprising a photoactive layer consisting of said photoactive composition.

The present invention discloses an organic polymer having an asymmetric structure, a preparation method thereof and a use as a photoelectric material thereof. The organic polymer with an asymmetric structure is obtained by polymerization after performing Stille coupling reaction between an electron-donating unit D and an electron-withdrawing unit A in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst. The compound of the present application has good heat stability, controllable absorption level, and is suitable for the preparation of hole transport materials of high-performance perovskite solar cells with high efficiency, flexibility, good stability and a large area as well as donor materials of organic solar cells.

Disclosed herein are light emitting device that emit highly circularly polarized light. These devices may be used to form a dot-matrix display or an electronic information display comprised of a series of photopolymerizable, chiral liquid crystalline layers that can be solvent cast on a substrate. The mixture of chiral materials in each successive layer may be blended in such a way that each layer has the same chiral pitch and may also be blended so that the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices in each layer match the other layers such that the complete assembly of layers will optically function as a single relatively thick layer of chiral liquid crystal. The chiral nematic material in each layer can spontaneously adopt a helical structure with a helical pitch. Further disclosed are pixel structures that not only emit light with brightness and chromaticity information, but also depth of focus information as well.