An organic light-emitting device including: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer; and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electron transport region including an intermediate layer, wherein the emission layer includes a first compound and a second compound, each independently selected from compounds represented by Formula 1, and the intermediate layer includes a third compound and a fourth compound, each independently selected from compounds represented by Formula 2:

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A method for making electronic devices based on derivatized ladder polymer (Pz-BBL) including photovoltaic modules and simple thin film transistors in planar and mechanically flexible and stretchable constructs.

A method for making electronic devices based on derivatized ladder polymer poly(benzo-isimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) including photovoltaic modules and simple thin film transistors in planar and mechanically flexible and stretchable constructs.